The Global and Glocal Teacher Professional: Is there a difference?

UNESCO global edacation

defines global edacation as a goal to develop

countries worldwide and is aimed at educating all

people in accordance with world standards.

global education

is a curriculum that is international in scope which prepares

Today's outh around the world to function in one worldenvironment under teachers who are intellectually, professionally and humanistically prepared

7 achievements by the 4 sdg

1. Universal primary and secondary edusation.

2. Early childhood development and universal pre-primary education.

3. Equal access to technical vocational and higher education,

4. Relevant skills for decent work

5. Gender equality and inclusion,

6. Universal youth literacy,

7. Education for sustainable development and global citizenship.

James Becker (1988) defined global education

as an effort to help individual learners to see the world as a single and

global system and to see themselves as a participant in that

system. It is a school curriculum that has a worldwide standard of teaching and learning.

21* Century Learning Goals have been established as bases

of various curricula worldwide. These learning goals include:

• 21* century content:

• Learning and thinking skill

• ICT literacy:

• Life skill:

• 21* century assessments: A uthentic assessments that measure the areas of learning

glocal education

is about diversity,understanding the differences and teaching the different cultural groups in their own context to achieve the goals of global education as presented by the United Nations. It is preparing future teachers to the slum areas of urbanized countries, to the highly influential from the remote and rugged rural villages in developing countries,and economically stable societies of the world for their roles in the 21% century classrooms.

Global teacher education

addresses the need of the smallest schools to the largest classrooms in the

world. It responds O borderless education that defies distance and geographical location.

a glocal teacher

is a global teacher who is competent and armed with enough skills, appropriate attitude and universal values to teach learners at home or abroad but is equipped with both time tested as well as modern technologies in education in any time and any place in the world.

A glocal teacher

is someone who thinks and acts both locally and globally with worldwide perspectives, but is teaching in the communities, localities, towns, provinces and regions where he or she is situated.

The Levels of Schooling as a Teaching Meliu

In all the countries, in the ASEAN, the levels of formal schooling in the educational system are as follows.

1. Primary level (elementary level)

2. Secondary level (high school )

3.Tertiary level college level

Academic Preparations of Teacher Professionals in Basic Education

• In remote areas, future kindergarten teachers need 9–10 years of basic education plus 3 years of training.

• Lower secondary teachers require 12 years of basic education plus 2 years for a Diploma.

• Upper secondary teachers need 12 years of basic education plus 4–5 years for a Bachelor's, or 1 extra year for a postgraduate diploma if they hold a non-education degree.

Components of Teacher Preparation in ASEAN Countries

• General Knowledge & Understanding – Liberal education lays the foundation for personal and academic growth. (What to Know about Oneself and the World.)

• Pedagogy – Modern teaching methods focus on student-centered learning, inclusivity, and global citizenship. (How to Teach.)

• Teaching Practicum/Experiential Learning – Hands-on training ensures teachers gain real-world classroom experience.

• Specialized Knowledge/Major Courses – Upper elementary and secondary teachers study major content areas, while early childhood educators focus on child development. (What to Teach in a Specific Discipline.)

Core Teaching Standards:

21st Century Skills

Professionalism & Accountability

Pedagogical Competence

Teacher Characteristics & Qualities

Knowledge Competence

Major Responsibilities of Teachers:

Actual Teaching – Direct engagement with learners during official teaching hours.

Management of Learning – Guiding students, designing lessons, and fostering effective learning environments.

Administrative Work – Handling paperwork, planning, and school-related tasks.

Teaching Assignments:

Primary Level: Teachers often handle multiple subjects, sometimes teaching all subjects in a self-contained classroom (e.g., the Philippines).

Secondary Level: Teachers specialize in subject areas across one or multiple grade levels.

Team Teaching:

Vertical: One teacher covers a subject across multiple grade levels (e.g., Grade 1–6 Science).

Horizontal: One teacher teaches the same subject at one level across different sections.

Teacher Licensing and Recruitment in ASEAN

Philippines: Professional Regulation Commission (PRC)

Singapore: National Institute for Education (NIE)

Thailand: Teacher Education Council (Khurusapha)

Indonesia: Akta IV teacher license from teacher colleges

Teaching Profession Beyond ASEAN: China

1. Education System:

- Highly centralized with a standardized curriculum designed by experts.

- Six years of primary education followed by six years of high school.

- University admission requires passing a National University Entrance Examination.

2. Teacher Education Philosophy:

- Focuses on moral integrity, discipline, and shaping future citizens.

- Teachers are seen as "engineers of the human soul" and "gardeners of the nation’s flowers".

3. Teacher Categories & Salary Structure:

- Gongban (State-paid) – Salaries comparable to government employees.

- Minban (Community-paid) – Pay depends on local community income.

- Teachers are ranked in a five-grade system based on experience:

- Super-grade teachers (top 5%)

- Senior-grade teachers (6%, mostly primary teachers)

- Third-grade teachers

- Second-grade teachers (majority of secondary teachers)

- First-grade teachers (new primary teachers)

Teacher Licensing:

Secondary teachers take standardized exams from the central government.

Elementary teachers are certified at the provincial level.

Minimum qualifications:

Primary teachers – Graduate from secondary normal schools.

Junior secondary teachers – Diploma from junior teacher colleges.

Senior secondary teachers – Degree from a normal university or teacher college.

Teacher Authority & Classroom Dynamics:

Teachers are regarded as the ultimate source of knowledge, and students are expected to absorb information without questioning.

Lessons are structured and teacher-led, often limiting student interaction

Core beliefs:

Important knowledge comes from teachers and textbooks.

Learning involves listening, thinking, and silent practice.

Knowledge from teachers and textbooks is not to be challenged.

What is the primary administrative body for Japan's education system?

Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)

What percentage of Japanese students proceed to university?

10%

What is the basic qualification required for a First Class Certificate to teach at the preschool, elementary, or secondary level in Japan?

A Bachelor's degree

What is the average annual salary of teachers in Japan according to the Global Teacher Status Index in 2013?

$43,775

What is the average class size in Japanese lower secondary schools?

38 students

What is the duration of compulsory education in Japan?

9 years

What is emphasized the most in the standard curriculum of Japanese schools?

japanese language

What is the primary method of teaching in Japanese schools?

Lectures

What is the average length of a class period in Japanese lower secondary schools?

50 minutes

What is the primary criterion for promotion in the Japanese teaching profession?

seniority

What is the minimum age requirement for most prefectures when hiring teachers?

under 30 years

What is the primary responsibility of Japanese teachers beyond academic instruction?

Instilling moral values and character development

What is the primary role of prefectures in the hiring of teachers in Japan?

Conducting appointment examinations

What is the typical school calendar duration in Japan?

243 days

What is a unique cultural practice of Japanese school sports teams after a game?

bowing and paying respect

Thomasites

Definition: First American teachers in the Philippines; laid the foundation for teacher education.

Normal Schools

Definition: Schools established in provinces to train Filipino teachers during American colonization.

National Teacher Examination (NTE) / Praxis I & II

Definition: Standard tests required in many U.S. states for entering the teaching profession.

Teacher Certification Renewal

Definition: Requires continuing education or renewal credits to maintain certification.

Permanent Certification

Definition: Granted if teachers meet state standards and perform adequately.

Teacher Recruitment Process

Definition: Application → Superintendent Approval → School Board Recommendation → Legally Binding Contract.

Teacher Salary Factors

Definition: Determined by education, experience, and school location.

Note: Master's + 30 units = Higher pay.

Qualities of a Good Teacher (Secondary)

Definition: Subject-matter expert, effective communicator, classroom manager.

Middle School Model

Definition: Focuses on personal attention and family-like support for adolescents.

Becoming a Teacher in the USA

Definition: 4-year college degree, major/minor in education, and state-specific certification.

State Education Agencies (SEAs)

Definition: Each U.S. state has unique certification guidelines.

Post-Baccalaureate Pathways

Definition: Additional courses or Master of Arts in Teaching after earning a degree.