History Midterm + final

Which of the following was not brought to the new world by the Europeans?

Corn (it was native to the Americas).

What do historians call the exchange of previously unknown plants, animals, people, and diseases between Europe and the new world?

The Columbian Exchange.

What percentage of the Native American population was killed by disease once the Europeans arrived?

About 90%

What country colonized Brazil?

Portugal.

Who did Europeans bring as slaves once natives died?

Africans.

What event in the early 1500s was a split within the Roman Catholic Church?

The Protestant Reformation.

Which of the following was not one of Martin Luther's main ideas?

Indulgences are necessary for salvation.

What did the people who followed the ideas of Martin Luther call themselves?

Protestants (specifically Lutherans).

Who spread Catholicism worldwide?

Jesuits.

What country controlled the Netherlands prior to their independence in 1581?

Spain

What was the system called in which the American colonies provided wealth to their mother countries?

Mercantilism.

Which of the following contributed to the occurrence of the Little Ice Age?

Dying native Americans

Which of the following most contributed to 2/3 of the European population dying during the 17th century?

Disease and famine (especially plague).

What Caribbean crop was the most cruel for African slaves to work, with an average life expectancy of three years?

Sugar

Which did not set up colonies in North America during Little Ice Age?

Portugal

What colonial power challenged the Portuguese and the Spanish for territory in southeast Asia during the 17th century?

The Dutch.

In what empire did a black market for silver undercut financail gain for the empire during the 17th century?

Ottoman empire

Dynasty after the Ming in China?

Qing Dynasty.

Because Christian missionaries were found to be intolerant of other faiths, what country expelled almost all Christian missionaries during the 17th century?

Japan

Most consequential religious war in Europe in 17th century?

The Thirty Years’ War.

Who set out to discover more about the heavens?

Nicolaus Copernicus

What was the intellectual movement that emphasized reason, universal rights, and natural laws that gradually took over Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries?

The Enlightenment.

What did John Locke argue against when he declared that all men are created equal in God's eye; hence, they must be equal under human law?

Divine right of kings.

Who claimed Australia for Britain?

James Cook.

Who did Britain send to occupy Eastern Australia in 1788?

Convicts (First Fleet also the prisoners)

What device was created to help make information more available to all people?

Printing press.

Contributed most to American Revolution?

Taxation without representation.

Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?

Thomas Jefferson.

What was added to Constitution to protect people?

Bill of Rights.

Group allowed to vote in early U.S.?

White male property owners.

Cause of French debt before revolution?

Funding the American Revolution.

Split into three groups before French Revolution?

Estates (First, Second, Third).

Last place Napoleon tried to invade?

Russia.

Country founded by slaves who won independence from France?

Haiti.

Where did Portuguese royal family flee from Napoleon?

Brazil (Rio de Janeiro)

Center of the Industrial Revolution?

Britain.

Place that experienced deindustrialization due to European goods?

China

New wealthy class during Industrial Revolution?

Bourgeoisie.

New power fueling Industrial Revolution?

Steam power.

Areas with population growth during Industrial Revolution?

Cities (urban areas).

Group wanting return to pre-French Revolution world?

Reactionaries (Conservatives).

Nationalism definition?

Pride and loyalty to one’s nation.

Ideals inseparable in socialist thinking?

Equality and liberty.

Who is a Main socialist thinker?

Karl Marx.

Exploited wage workers during Industrial Revolution?

Proletariat.

What were British selling to Chinese causing war in 1840?

Opium.

Deadliest civil war with 20+ million deaths?

Taiping Rebellion.

Who claimed to be Jesus’ younger brother in China?

Hong Xiuquan.

Country colonized by Britain between 1767–1947?

India.

Cause of rebellion of 1857 in India?

Use of rifle cartridges greased with cow/pig fat (Sepoy Rebellion).

What sparked the War on Terror in 2001?

9/11

Which of the following groups tends to have the fewest children?

People living in urban areas (urban populations).

Which of the following best describes the Cambodian population in 2026?

A young and growing population.

Who delivered the "I Have a Dream" speech on August 28, 1968, in Washington D.C.?

Martin Luther King Jr.

What doctrine was created by the Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court decision of 1896 in the USA?

The "Separate but Equal" doctrine.

Which of the following organizations opposed the Civil Rights Movement in the USA?

The Ku Klux Klan (KKK).

In what century was the Civil Rights Movement in the USA?

The 20th century.

What are civil rights?

Rights that guarantee equal treatment and freedom from discrimination.

What were the two major powers in the German Confederation?

Austria and Prussia.

What place experienced a "Potato Famine" from 1845 to 1849?

Ireland.

Which of the following is an example of Manifest Destiny in the United States?

The westward expansion of the United States across North America.

What was abolished in the United States as a result of the Civil War (1861–1865)?

Slavery

What country was opened to the rest of the world in 1853 because of American naval pressure?

Japan

What refers to the process of a nation acquiring new territories while treating the people there as inferior?

Imperialism

What country was the imperial power in India from 1757 to 1947?

Great Britain (the British empire)

What continent experienced the "Scramble for Africa" in the late 19th century?

Africa

Which of the following was not a reason for colonization?

Helping people out of kindness (altruism).

What do we call the belief that Europeans and Americans were superior to colonized peoples?

Racism or racial superiority.

What region did about 3.2 million Chinese migrate to in the late 19th century?

Southeast Asia.

What word best describes a population with a common ethnicity, culture, and identity?

Nation

Who were the two sides in the Anglo-Boer War?

The British Empire and the Boers.

What war led to the Boxer Uprising in China?

The First Sino-Japanese War.

Who led the movement that established a republic in China?

Sun Yat-sen.

What is the largest ethnic group in China?

The Han Chinese.

What event directly caused the outbreak of World War I?

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

What type of warfare was mainly used on land during World War I?

Trench Warfare

What political group took control of Russia after the 1917 Revolution?

The Bolsheviks.

What event caused the United States to enter World War I?

The Zimmermann Telegram (along with unrestricted submarine warfare).

What treaty officially ended World War I?

The Treaty of Versailles.

What country was blamed for World War I?

Germany

What young nationalist gained recognition after WWI for advocating self-determination for colonies?

Ho Chi Minh

Which country was newly created after World War I?

Yugoslavia.

Great volumes, fast speeds, reduced costs, and standardized outputs are characteristics of what?

Mass production.

Who introduced the moving assembly line for automobile production?

Henry Ford.

What caused ten years of economic hardship after World War I?

The Great Depression

Which country experienced relatively little unemployment during the Great Depression?

The Soviet Union.

What economic system is based on free markets and free trade?

Capitalism.

What program did Franklin D. Roosevelt introduce to combat the Great Depression?

The New Deal.

Who became leader of the Soviet Union after Vladimir Lenin died?

Joseph Stalin.

What led to the rise of a militarist government in Japan after World War I?

Economic problems during the Great Depression.

What political ideology emphasizes extreme nationalism, militarism, and state power?

Fascism.

Who founded Italy's Fascist Party?

Benito Mussolini.

Which term is closely associated with fascism?

Extreme nationalism.

Which country was not one of the Allied Powers during World War II?

Italy.

What was Germany's fast-moving military strategy called?

Blitzkrieg ("lightning war").

Which country attacked the United States at Pearl Harbor?

Japan

Why did Japan expand into East and Southeast Asia during WWII?

To gain natural resources such as oil and rubber.

What is the Allied invasion of Normandy on June 6, 1944 called?

D-Day

How did the United States force Japan to surrender in 1945?

By dropping atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

Why did communism appeal to many Eastern Europeans after WWII?

It promised equality and economic security.