CPUSH Exam Unit 1

Caravel

A small, fast Spanish or Portuguese sailing ship of the 15th-17th centuries

Hernan Cortes

A Spanish conquistador known for leading the expedition that conquered the Aztec Empire in 1521 and claimed Mexico for Spain.

Christopher Columbus

An Italian explorer and navigator who completed four Spanish-based voyages across the Atlantic Ocean, opening the way for widespread European exploration and colonization of the Americas.

Amerigo Vespucci

An Italian Explorer and navigator who played a key role in shaping European understanding of the Americas as a new continent

Mestizos

A person of mixed race, especially in having European and Indigenous ancestory

Columbian Exchange

The vast, global transfer of plants, animals, diseases, technologies, and people

Black Legend

A term for propaganda and negative portrayals of Spain and Spaniards, alleging cruelty, greed, and intolerance

Pueblo Revolt

A successful uprising against colonial intruders by an assembly of Indigenous people who had developed a reputation as a peaceful tribe

Purpose for French Exploration

Fur trade, water route Northwest passage, expand power and wealth, spread Christianity

Purpose for Spanish Exploration

To find the three G’s (Gold Glory God)

Purpose for Dutch Exploration

To establish direct trade routes to Asia and secure fur in the Americas.

French Relationship towards Natives

Mutual respect through fur trade, involving alliances, intermarriage, and cultural exchange

Spanish Relationship towards Natives

Complex mix of oppression, exploitation, limited cooperation, forced labor, and racism

Dutch Relationship towards Natives

Mutually beneficial fur trade alliances and cooperation over land and resources