Solubility Rules and Electrolyte Types in Aqueous Solutions

Strong Electrolyte

A specie in aqueous solution that is ionized as ions and conducts electricity very well.

Weak Electrolyte

A specie in aqueous solution that is written in whole formula, molecular form, and conducts electricity slightly.

Nonelectrolyte

A specie in aqueous solution that is written in whole formula, molecular form, and does not conduct electricity.

Group 1 ions

Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+ which form soluble compounds with no exceptions.

Carbonate (CO32−)

Forms soluble compounds with Group 1 ions and ammonium (NH4+).

Ammonium (NH4+)

Forms soluble compounds with no exceptions.

Chromate (CrO42−)

Forms soluble compounds with Group 1 ions and ammonium (NH4+).

Nitrate (NO3−)

Forms soluble compounds with no exceptions.

Nitrite (NO2−)

Forms soluble compounds with no exceptions.

Acetate (C2H3O2− or CH3COO−)

Forms soluble compounds with no exceptions.

Phosphate (PO43−)

Forms soluble compounds with Group 1 ions and ammonium (NH4+).

Hydrogen carbonate (HCO3−)

Forms soluble compounds with no exceptions.

Sulfide (S2−)

Forms soluble compounds with Group 1 ions and ammonium (NH4+).

Chlorate (ClO3−)

Forms soluble compounds with no exceptions.

Perchlorate (ClO4−)

Forms soluble compounds with no exceptions.

Hydroxide (OH−)

Forms soluble compounds with Group 1 ions, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+.

Halides (Cl−, Br−, I−)

Forms soluble compounds with Ag+, Pb2+, Hg22+.

Fluorides (F−)

Forms soluble compounds with Group 1 ions and ammonium (NH4+).

Sulfates (SO42−)

Forms soluble compounds with Ag+, Pb2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+.

Strong acids

HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, H2SO4, HClO4, HClO3.

Weak acids

HC2H3O2, HCN, HF...

Sugars

Examples include Glucose (C6H12O6) and Sucrose (C12H22O11).

Alcohols

Examples include Methanol (CH3OH) and Ethanol (C2H5OH).

Weak bases

Examples include NH3, N2H4, CH3NH2,...

Strong bases

Soluble hydroxides such as LiOH, NaOH, KOH,...