NCLE-Optical Nerd

How many times per minute must the eye blink for proper tear flow?

12

What is the outermost layer of the cornea?

Epithelium

What are the 5 layers of the cornea?

Epithelium

Bowman's layer

Stroma

Descemet's membrane

Endothelium

What procedure helps the contact lens technician to evaluate the quality of the tears?

Tear Break Up Time (TBUT)

What type of astigmatism is illustrated in the following spectacle rx? -7.75 +2.25 x050

Oblique

Which of the following is also knows as "dry eye"?

Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca

Which of the following occurs when the steepest corneal curve is in the vertical meridian?

with the rule

Which type of astigmatism is illustrated in the following spectacle rx? -1.25 -2.25 x 175

with the rule

(-1.25 x 175 and -3.50 x 85) most minus

What type of astigmatism is illustrated in the following "K" readings? 44.50 @ 085 46.25 @175

Against the rule (most plus power on K reading)

What type of astigmatism is illustrated in the following "K" readings 42.75 @ 095 40.50 @ 0054

With the rule (highest plus)

What is the name of the fluid that fills the posterior chamber?

Aqueous Humor

________ is defined as a grayish white ring in teh periphery of the cornea.

Arcus Senilus

Can the FTC fine the doctor for failing to obey the provisions of the FCLCA?

Yes. The doctor is subject to potential FTC fines of up to $11,000 per incident if they fail to obey the provisions of the FCLCA.

Which of the following is defined as the invasion of the peripheral cornea by infiltration and formation of the new blood vessels?

Pannus

Can the patient sign a waiver of liability for the accuracy of your eye examination?

No. You can neither require a patient to sign a liability waiver nor place such a liability waiver on any contact lens prescription

Which filter is used during illumination to decrease ultraviolet rays and minimally decrease light intensity in a routine examination?

White filter

Which of the following occurs when the steepest corneal curve is in the horizontal meridian?

Against the rule

Which palpebral structures are responsible for producing the lipid layer of the tear film?

meibomian glands

What test allows for the evaluation of the patient's quantity of tears?

schirmers test

Which type of astigmatism is illustrated in the following "K" readings?

51.25@085

49.50@175

With the rule

Which type of astigmatism is illustrated in the following spectacle rx?

-4.50 +1.75 x 100

with the rule

What structure of the eye lies at the juncture of the cornea and the sclera and is responsible for draining the aqueous from the anterior chamber?

limbus

which type of astigmatism is illustrated in the following spectacle rx?

+3.25 +1.25 x 140

oblique

Which type of astigmatism is illustrated in the following "K" readings:

+51.25@085

+49.50@175

with the rule

which layer of the tear film helps to prevent premature evaporation?

lipid layer

Which layer of the cornea helps the cornea maintain a state of deturgescence?

Endothelium

Which of the following contact solutions is used for rinsing only?

Saline Solution

What are the three types of direct focal illumination?

Optic Section, Parallelepiped, and Conical Beam

What are the two ways to disinfect soft contact lenses?

Heat and Chemical

Can you charge a patient a fee for providing them with a copy of their contact lens prescription or for verifying a contact lens prescription to a seller?

no

Which of the following lenses is used to correct aniseikonia?

Iseikonic lenses

Which type of astigmatism is illustrated in teh following spectacle rx?

-0.75 -2.75 x 095

Against the rule

Shich of the following occurs when the steepest corneal curve is at the 45 degree meridian?

oblique astigmatism

Which type of astigmatism is illustrated in teh following spectacle rx?

+3.25 +1.25 x 100

with the rule

Which layer of the tear film helps adhere the tears to the surface of the cornea?

mucin layer

which palpebral structures are responsible for draining away excess tears?

puncta

Which type of astigmatism is illustrated in the following "k" readings:

41.50@090

42.25@180

against the rule

which type of astigmatism is illustrated in the following "K" readings:

46.50@50

48@140

oblique

What structure of the eye lies directly beneath the Retina and is responsible for supplying blood and nutrients to the retina due to its highly vascular nature?

Choroid

Which of the following tests requires the use of Fluorescein?

Tear Break Up Time (TBUT)

Which layer of the cornea comprises approximately 90% of it's volume?

Stroma

What type of illumination is shown?

Diffuse illumination

What type of cleaner can be used to remove protein deposits and build up /

enzymatic

How long do you have to respond after receiving a contact lens verification before the seller is allowed to fill it without verification?

8 business hours

________ is a depressed area of the cornea which shows the stain due to lack of wetting from the pre-corneal tear film

dellen

which of the following terms is defined as a degeneration of the cornea causing irregular and sever astigmatism in which the cornea becomes curved or conical in shape?

keratoconus

Which structure is responsible for producing the aqueous layer of the tear film?

lacrimal glands

Which of the following occurs when the steepest and flattest corneal curves are not perpendicular?

irregular astigmatism

What is the name for the central part of the retina where most of the cones are located?

Macula

Which type of astigmatism is illustrated in the following "K" readings

46.75@100

47.25@10

against the rule

Which layer of the tear film makes up most of its volume?

aqueous layer

When administering the Schirmer Test, what result indicates a sufficient quantity of tears?

10mm

Which type of astigmatism is illustrated in the following "K" readings:

39.50@090

37.75@180

with the rule

Which type of astigmatism is illustrated in the following spectacle rx:

-1.75 +3.50 x 050

oblique

Which type of astigmatism is illustrated in the following spectacle rx?

-4.75 -3.00 x 085

against the rule

What type of filter is often used after the installation of fluorescein to observe staining patters and lens fit during illumination?

Cobalt blue filter

Chalazion is defined as ________

the inflammatory enlargement of Meibomian gland of the eyelid

Can you require a patient to purchase contact lenses from you or another person as a condition of providing a copy of the patient's contact lens prescription or verifying a patient's contact lens prescription

No. You cannot require a patient to purchase contact lenses from you or another person as a condition of providing a copy of the patient contact lens prescription or verifying a patients contact lens prescription

________ is defined as the total swelling of the cornea with painful blister formation at the epithelial level; treated frequently with a therapeutic soft lens

bullous keratopathy

what are the 2 main components of the care system for contact lenses?

cleaning and disenfection

Which of the following drains aqueous humor from the anterior chamber?

canal of schlemm

The perfect cornea has approximately how many diopters of power?

43

What is the name of the juncture where the superior and inferior palpebra meet?

canthus

Which type of astigmatism is illustrated in the following "K' readings:

51.50@085

53.25@175

against the rule

Which of the following occurs when the flattest corneal curve is at approximately the 90 degree meridian?

against the rule

which layer of the tear film is created by lacrimal glands?

aqueous layer

Which type of astigmatism is illustrated in the following spectacle rx:

-8.75 -3.25 x 005

with the rule

which of the following tests requires the use of litmus paper?

schirmers test

Which type of astigmatism is illustrated in the following "K" readings:

43.25@080

41.00@170

with the rule

which of the following terms is defined as redness around the limbus surrounding the cornea?

Circumcorneal hyperemia

Daily cleaner is primarily used to __________

remove debris from the contact lens surface

which type of illumination is particularly valuable for studying the iris pathology?

indirect illumination

Can you refuse to give the patient a copy of the patient's lens prescription if the patient does not pay for their eye examination, fitting, and evaluation?

Yes, but it has to be based on the patient's failure to pay for the current eye exam, fitting, and evaluation not past debt to the practice. However if the insurance coverage is presented for the services rendered that constitutes as immediate payment and the patient must be given a copy of their rx.

_________ is the congenital absence of the iris

aniridia

when administering teh schirmer test, how long should the litmus paper remain in the lid margin?

5 minutes

which layer of the tear film is also known as the oil layer?

lipid layer

Which of the following occurs when the flattest corneal curve is at the 180 degree meridian

with the rule

which type of astigmatism is illustrated in the following spectacle rx:

+7.50 -3.75 x095

against the rule

which of the following covers the sclera and the inside of the eyelids and acts as microbial barrier?

conjuctive

what is the term for someone who has no crystalline lens?

aphakia

which type of astigmatism is illustrated in the following "K" reading:

44.50 @ 050

52.00 @ 140

oblique

which type of astigmatism is illustrated in the following spectacle rx:

-12.50 +2.50 x 100

with the rule

which type of astigmatism is illustrated in the following "K" readings:

50.50 @ 080

44.00 @ 170

with the rule

what structure of the eye changes shape to allow for accommodation?

crystalline lens

fuchs' dystrophy is define as ___________

an edema in the stroma associated with scarring on both the endothelium and epithelium

which term is often referred to as cross-eyed

strabismus

the purpose of disinfection is to

reduce the level of microbial contamination to a safe level

which type of filter is useful for observing blood vessels during illumination?

green filter

which of the following additives is a preservative found in the GP lens disinfection system but not in the soft lens disinfection system?

Benzalkonium chloride

What structures of the eye act on the crystalline lens to help it change shape, allowing for accommodation?

ciliary body

which of the following results in a stye when infected?

meibomian glands

which instrument is sued to observe the tear break up time test?

biomicroscope

which type of astigmatism is illustrated in the following spectacle rx:

+6.75 +2.25 x 085

with the rule

which type of astigmatism is illustrated in the following "K" readings:

34.00 @ 100

32.25 @ 010

with the rule

Which type of astigmatism is illustrated in the following spectacle rx:

plano +2.50 x 170

against the rule

which layer of the cornea regenerates most quickly?

epithelium

which of the following occurs when the flattest corneal curve is at approximately the 45 degree meridian

oblique astigmatism

which type of astigmatism is illustrated in the following "K" readings:

55 @ 130

51.25 @ 040

oblique

What are the layers of the tear film from anterior to posterior?

lipid, aqueous, mucoid

epithelial edema is defined as __________

an edema of the superficial layer of the cornea