6d quiz

LAST ONEEE

sustainability

using the earth’s resources while not causing permanent damage to the earth

smart-growth policies

combat urban sprawl and create a new vision for cities that is more sustainable and equitable

greenbelts

areas of undeveloped land around an urban area

slow-growth cities

adopt policies to slow the outward spread of urban areas and place limits on building permits to encourage a denser, more compact city

new urban design

a set of strategies made in the 1990’s to put smart growth into action within communities

mixed-use neighborhoods

neighborhoods which have a mix of businesses and homes

urban infill

the process of increasing the residential density of an area by replacing open space and vacant housing with residences

transit-oriented development

locates mixed-use residential and business communities near mass transit stops, resulting in more compact communities

livability

refers to a set of principles that supports sustainable urban designs

quantitative data

information that can be counted, measured, or sequenced by numeric value

population composition

collected by census, shows where people live, and gives a description of people’s age, gender, ethnicity, race, family size, etc.

census tracts

contiguous geographic regions that function as the foundation of a census

census block

often very small in a densely populated urban area; consists of a single block bounded by 4 streets

qualitative data

based primarily on surveys, field studies, photos, video, and interviews from people who provide personal perceptions and meaningful descriptions

redlining

the process by which banks refuse loans to those who want to purchase and improve properties in certain urban areas

racial segregation

occurs when people live in separate neighborhoods based on their ethnicity or race

blockbusting

when people of an ethnic group sell their homes upon learning that members of another ethnic group were moving into the neighborhood

ghettos

areas of poverty occupied by a minority group as a result of discrimination

inclusionary zoning

offers incentives for developers to set aside a percentage of housing for low-income renters or buyers

scattered site

when the city or government provided rental assistance for individuals to disperse public housing throughout the area

urban renewal

the policy allowed governments to clear out the blighted inner-city slums

eminent domain

allows the government to claim private property from individuals, pay them for the property, and then use the land for the public good

gentrification

the process of converting an urban inner-city neighborhood from a mostly low-income, renter-occupied area to a predominantly wealthier, owner-occupied area of a city

informal settelment

any part of a country’s economy that is outside government monitoring or regulation

land tenure

legal protection of contracts to show ownership of the land or structures

zones of abandonment

are areas of a city that have been deserted by their owners for either economic or environmental reasons

environmental injustice/racism

the disproportionate exposure of minorities and the poor to pollution and its impacts plus the equal protection of their rights under the law

gated communities

the building of walled or fenced neighborhoods with limited acres and entry points

urban canyons

streets lined with tall buildings, can channel and intensify wind and prevent natural sunlight from reaching the ground

urban heat island

an area of a city warmer than surrounding areas

urban wildlife

rats, raccoons, and pigeons that can thrive in cities, but can spread disease and be a nuisance

rush hour

the commuting periods in early morning and late afternoon or early evening when people travel to and from work

suburban sprawl

the rapid sprawl of development outward from the inner city

ecological footprint

the impact of human activity on the environment

brownfields

consists of dilapidated buildings and polluted or contaminated soils

urban redevelopment

involves renovating a site within a city by removing the existing landscape and rebuilding from the ground up

mixed-use development

a single planned development designed to include multiple uses, such as residential, retail, educational, recreational, industrial, and office spaces

walkability

refers to how safe, convenient, and efficient it is to walk in an urban environment

mixed-use zoning

permits multiple land uses in the same space or structure

traditional zoning

creates separate zones based on land-use type or economic function such as various categories of residential (low, medium, or high density), commercial, or industrial

new urbanism

a school of thought closely associated with smart growth and focuses on limiting urban expansion while preserving nature and usable farmland

urban growth boundary

a boundary that separates urban land use from rural land uses by limiting how far a city can expand

de facto segregation

occurs when lower-income people of color are unable to afford to live in desirable new smart-growth development

filtering

when houses pass through one social group to another

regional planning

planning conducted at a regional scale that seeks to coordinate the development of housing, transportation, urban infrastructure, and economic activities