Chapter 8 test

Unconditional Positive regard

according to Rogers, an attitude of total acceptance toward another person

Id

According to Freud, our unconscious and primal sexual and aggressive drive, operates on the pleasure principle.

Ego

According to Freud, the “executive” part of personality. Mediates among the demands of the id and superego. operates on the reality principle

superego

according to Freud, represents internalized ideals. voice our moral compass, forces ego to consider not only the real, but also the ideal

Facial Feedback

the effect of facial expressions on experienced emotions, as when a facial expression of anger or happiness intensifies feelings of anger or happiness

Behavior Feedback Effect

The tendency of behavior to influence our own and other’s thoughts, feelings, and actions

Drive

urgent basic need pressing for satisfaction, usually rotted in some physiological tension, deficiency, or imbalance and impelling the organism to action

Drive Reduction Theory

theory stating that imbalances to your body’s internal environment generate dreives that cause you to act in ways that restore homeostasis

Homeostasis

the body’s natural desire for maintaining balance and stability

Yerkes-Dodson Law of Arousal

performance increases with mental arousal but only to a certain point for harder tasks, and for easy tasks, the higher the level of mentala arousal, the higher the performance.

Cannon-Bard Theory

Belief that our experiencing emotions and bodily activingy occur separately but simultaneously Ex. you feel scared and your heart starts pounding at the same time, independent of one another

James-Lange Theory

belief that emotions are a result of us noticing our bodily activity. emotions follow bodily reactions. Ex. you are sad because you cried

Schachter Two-Factor Theory

belief that to experience emotion one must by physically aroused and congitively label the arousal. Ex. your palms are sweaty and your heart is racing before an interview so you label and feel your emotions as nervousness

Set-point

the theory that the hypothalamus want to maintain a certain ideal body weight.

exhaustion

feeling of extreme tiredness, characterized by others feelings including apathy, cynicism, and irritability

Self-Actualization

According to Maslow, one of the ultimate psychological needs that arise after basic physical and psychological needs are met self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one’s potential

Humanistic approach

perspective that emphasizes looking at the whole indiidual ans stresses concepts such as free will, self-efficacy, and self-actualization

Narcissitic

excessive self-love and absorption

Ostracized

being ignored, excluded, and/or rejected signals a threat for which reflexive detection in the form of pain and distress is adaptive for survival

Rationalization

psychoanalytic defense mechanism that offers self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one’s actions

Repression

in psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanisms that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing throughts, feelings and memories