Masters of Architecture - Theory of Architecture 2

Practice flashcards covering the lives, philosophies, and notable works of the Masters of Architecture from the Theory of Architecture 2 lecture notes.

Walter Gropius

A German-American architect ($1883-1969$) who worked under Peter Behrens and founded THE BAUHAUS.

The BAUHAUS BUILDING

A notable work by Walter Gropius located in Dessau, Germany, completed in $1926$.

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

A German architect ($1886-1969$) known for the philosophy 'Less is more' and designing skyscrapers of steel and glass.

Farnsworth House

A notable work by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe in Illinois, built between $1946-51$.

Organic Architecture

A philosophy created by Frank Lloyd Wright which maintains that a building must develop out of its surroundings.

Prairie Houses

Residential designs by Frank Lloyd Wright characterized by asymmetrical plans and low, wide overhanging eaves.

Fallingwater

Also known as the Kaufmann House ($1937$), a building by Frank Lloyd Wright located in Bear Run, Pennsylvania.

Louis Kahn

An architect ($1901-1974$) who designed contemporary, monumental architecture using massive geometrical forms; he was a key figure in the transition to Postmodernism.

Servant and Served Spaces

A concept used by Louis Kahn in the Richards Medical Research Building to clearly articulate different functional areas.

Richard Buckminster Fuller

American inventor of the Geodesic Dome and the principle of 'Synergetics,' known for the philosophy 'MORE WITH LESS.'

Eero Saarinen

A Finnish architect and industrial designer ($1910-1961$) noted for highly expressionist works and the philosophy that 'Function influence but does not dictate form.'

Philip Johnson

A Pritzker Prize ($1979$) winner who curated the 'International Style' exhibition and designed the first postmodern skyscraper, the AT&T Headquarters.

The Glass House

Philip Johnson's master's thesis project ($1949$) located in Connecticut, with a concept borrowed from Mies van der Rohe.

Michael Graves

Member of 'The New York Five' ($1934-2015$) who successfully brought postmodern style to the public through the design of the Portland Building.

Peter Eisenman

An architect ($1932$) influenced by Jacques Derrida, known for Deconstructivist architecture that manipulates and transforms architectural forms.

Frank Gehry

A Canadian-born American architect ($1929$) whose deconstructivist style uses a collage-like composition of materials like plywood and corrugated metal.

Tadao Ando

A self-taught Japanese minimalist architect ($1941$) who uses bare reinforced concrete, natural light, and water as primary elements.

Richard Meier

An American abstract architect ($1934$) and member of 'The New York Five' known for pure geometry and the prominent use of the color white.

Ieoh Ming Pei

A Chinese-American architect ($1934-2019$) who believed 'Geometry is the key to all architecture' and designed the Louvre Pyramid.

Richard Rogers

A British architect ($1933-2021$) known for 'high-tech' designs that expose the skeleton and services of buildings, such as The Pompidou Center.

Norman Foster

A British architect ($1935$) known for high-tech buildings characterized by structural lightness and low-energy designs like 30 St Mary Axe (The Gherkin).

Renzo Piano

An Italian architect ($1935$) who co-designed the Pompidou Center and is known for leaving materials and building elements exposed.

Ken Yeang

A Malaysian architect ($1935$) who developed the 'bioclimatic theory' for designing sustainable skyscrapers defined by climate and context.

Le Corbusier

The professional name of Charles Edouard Jeanneret ($1887-1965$), who authored 'Towards A New Architecture' and defined the 5 Points of a New Architecture.

Le Corbusier's 5 Points

Architectural principles consisting of Pilotis, Roof Garden, Free Plan, Ribbon Windows, and Free Façade.

Zaha Hadid

An Iraqi architect ($1950-2016$) known for deconstructivism, fluidity, and gravity-defying designs such as the Heydar Aliyev Center.

Jorn Utzon

A Danish architect ($1918-2008$) who won the design competition for the Sydney Opera House in Australia in $1957$.

Oscar Niemeyer

A Brazilian architect ($1907-2012$) who focused on curves and believed buildings should seek harmony with nature and feminine curves.

Remment Lucas Koolhaas

A Dutch architect ($1944$) known for an innovative approach and the architecture of post-modern metabolism to unite the past with the present.