Studied by 8 people
Pages 26-32 (26-29)
onlooker
someone who watches something happening without being involved in it
recipient
someone who receives something
derivative
something that has developed or been produced from something else
source
a thing, place, activity etc that you get something from
equate
to consider that two things are similar or connected
equivalent
something that has the same value, purpose, job etc as something else
hog
to keep, use, or have all of something that should be shared
impact
the effect or influence that an event, situation etc has on someone or something
alleviate
to make something less painful or difficult to deal with
dual
having two of something or two parts
offspring
someone’s child or children – often used humorously
spirited
having energy and determination – used to show approval
surplus to requirements
an amount of something that is more than what is needed
dispose
to get rid of something, especially something that is difficult to get rid of
landfill
the practice of burying waste under the ground, or the waste buried in this way
instil
to teach someone to think, behave, or feel in a particular way over a period of time
dispute
to say that something such as a fact or idea is not correct or true
opportunistic
someone who uses every opportunity to gain power, money, or unfair advantages – used to show disapproval
predator
an animal that kills and eats other animals
detrimental
causing harm or damage
mammal
a type of animal that drinks milk from its mother’s body when it is young
contemplate
to think about something that you might do in the future
neuter
to remove part of the sex organs of an animal so that it cannot produce babies
dusk
the time before it gets dark when the sky is becoming less bright
advocate
to publicly support a particular way of doing something
finite
having an end or a limit
feline
relating to cats or other members of the cat family, such as lions
premium
of very high quality
sinner
person who is not obeying God’s laws
excess
additional and not needed because there is already enough of something
spark off
to be the cause of something, especially trouble or violence
thin on the ground
person or a thing that is rare, there are very few of them available
emit
to send out gas, heat, light, sound etc
give rise to
to be the reason why something happens, especially something bad or unpleasant
wipe out
to destroy, remove, or get rid of something completely
spray
to force liquid out of a container so that it comes out in a stream of very small drops and covers an area
build-up
an increase over a period of time
ozone layer
a layer of gases in the sky that prevents harmful radiation from the sun from reaching the Earth
famine
a situation in which a large number of people have little or no food for a long time and many people die
genetically-modified
foods and plants that have had their genetic structure changed so that they are not affected by certain diseases or harmful insects
imminent
an event that is imminent, especially an unpleasant one, will happen very soon
oblivious
not knowing about or not noticing something that is happening around you
implication
a possible future effect or result of an action, event, decision etc
pollinate
to give a flower or plant pollen so that it can produce seeds
crucial
something that is crucial is extremely important, because everything else depends on it
inevitable
certain to happen and impossible to avoid
knock-on effect
to start a process in which everything that happens causes something else to happen
availability
something that is available is able to be used or can easily be bought or found
be right up there with
is amongst the best/most important
scenario
a situation that could possibly happen
deteriorate
to become worse
corresponding
caused by or connected with something you have already mentioned
repetitive
done many times in the same way, and boring
diversity
the fact of including many different types of people or things
be prone to
likely to do something or suffer from something, especially something bad or harmful
immune system
the system by which your body protects itself against disease
thrive
to become very successful or very strong and healthy
infect
to give someone a disease
pesticide
a chemical substance used to kill insects and small animals that destroy crops
disoriented
confused and not understanding what is happening around you
habitat
the natural home of a plant or animal
further afield
further away
phenomenon
something that happens or exists in society, science, or nature, especially something that is studied because it is difficult to understand
pest
a small animal or insect that destroys crops or food supplies
virtually
almost
bitterly
in a way that produces or shows feelings of great sadness or anger
unspoilt
for example: place that ahs not changed for a long time and does not have a lot of new buildings
dependant
needing someone or something in order to exist, be successful, be healthy etc
Note 
Flashcard (97)