TEAS STUDY SCIENCE COMPLETE MASTERY, TEAS 7 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY , TEAS STUDY SCIENCE, TEAS 7 Life and physical sciences , CHEM TEAS REVIEW IN DEPTH , ATI TEAS HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY PRACTICE TEST QUESTIONS

antecuboidal

front of elbow

Pollex

thumb

Crural

shin

Tarsal

ankle

Coxa

hip

Dorsum

back of hand

manual

hand

Otic

ear

Mental

chin

Acromial

shoulder

Olecranal

back of elbow

Perineal

region between the anus and external genitalia (Grundle)

Sural

calf

Calcaneal

heel

coronal plane

divides body into front and back

transverse plane

horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions

saggital or median plane

divides the body into equal right and left halves

in the human body, which of the following body parts are in superior position to the lungs? (select all that apply)

b. trachea

3 multiple choice options

In two to three sentences, describe the part of the arm that is most distal to the shoulder of the human body.

The part that is most distal to the shoulder are the phalanges. The phalanges are distal to the antecuboital and so are far more distal to the shoulder.

Which terms add clarity to anatomical position relative to the coronal plane?

C. Anterior and posterior

C. Anterior and posterior

3 multiple choice options

Which two terms are likely to appear in the same discussion related to a part of the body?

Dorsal and lumbar

3 multiple choice options

Which of the following statements below is/are accurate

The oral, nasal, buccal, and ocular region are all anterior to the occipital region

2 multiple choice options

Function of the respiratory system

supply the body with oxygen and dispose of carbon dioxide

The process of exchanging the gas oxygen with the gas carbon dioxide is known as

Ventilation

pathway of respiratory system

nose/mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

Bronchioles

smallest branches of the bronchi

where do bronchioles terminate?

alveoli

What are alveoli?

Single celled thin walled structures that look like clusters of grape that are sites of gas exchange

What alveolar cells release the lipoprotein surfactant to reduce surface tension

Type two alveolar

Where is the heart located?

mediastinum, between lungs on the left side so the right lung has more space

What lung is larger?

right

1 multiple choice option

What is the difference between the left and right lung( excluding the size)

The right lung is split into three lobes

-Superior

-Middle

-Inferior

The left lung only has two lobes

-Superior and inferior

Do lungs share oxygen and arteries

No, they have different

1 multiple choice option

What is each lung filled with?

Pleura (contains pleural fluid)

What part of the body facilitates gas exchange in the lungs

Capillaries (They interact with with the alveoli of the lungs via diffusion)

True or false: The rate of diffusion is directly proportional to the surface area involved and the concentration gradient is inversely proportional between the two solutions.

True

passive transport

Movement across the cell membrane that does not require energy from the cell

The rate of diffusion increases if

the distance between the blood cells and the alveoli is decreased

Diffusion increases if

surface area increases

pressure gradient increases

Rate of diffusion increases

while the distance between two solutions decreases

Molecules move from

high to low concentration

What allows for diffusion in the lungs

thin alvoelar epithelium

How does ventilation occur

due to the difference in pressure gradient between the interior of the lungs and the atmosphere (negative pressure)

Inhalation

the act of taking in air as the diaphragm contracts and pulls downward (Intercostals expand)

Exhalation

diaphragm relaxes (moves up)

tidal volume

Amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs during a normal breath

residual volume

Amount of air remaining in the lungs after a forced exhalation

What controls breathing

medulla oblongata

how does the medulla oblongata regulate inhalation?

Through blood pH and monitoring of carbon dioxide

Respiration increases if

blood pH starts to decrease (too much co2 in blood)

Asthma

A condition in which a person's airways become inflamed, narrow and swell, and produce extra mucus, which makes it difficult to breathe.

What causes emphysema?

Repeated exposure to irritant causes repeated inflammatory response with scarring of alveolar tissue

Genetic conditions in the lungs

Lung surfactant insufficiency

Asthma

Cystic fibrosis

Disease in the lungs

Influenza

Tuberculosis

Pneumonia

Allergies

an immune response to a foreign agent that is not a pathogen

Virus

a non cellular entitiy that consist of nucleic acid core (DNA or RNA) surrounded by protein coat

Which of the following structures change the volume of the lungs?

Diaphragm

3 multiple choice options

Which of the following statements best explains how the structure of alveoli relates to its functions?

Which of the following statements best describes the primary function of the respiratory system

It exchanges gases between the blood and the air in an environment

3 multiple choice options

Which of the following correctly describes the makeup of the lungs?

Right lung, three lobes, left lung, two lobes

3 multiple choice options

Top chambers of the heart are called

Atria

Bottom chambers of the heart are called

Ventricles

What are the functions of the heart

Transporting nutrients, circulating oxygenated blood and removing CO2 via respiratory system, transporting hormones and other waste.

What are the two circuits of the heart?

Systemic and pulmonary

Function of the pulmonary loop/system

Carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs where it is oxygenated and returns as oxygenated blood via the left atrium

Functions of the systemic circuit

Carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body, returning deoxygenated blood to the right atrium.

What are the two cycles of contraction of the heart

Diastole and systole

Systole contraction

Indicates the contraction of the heart muscle

Diastole

Indicates the relaxation of the heart

Lub sound heart

AV valves closing (Mitral and tricuspid valve)

When are the ventricles filled with blood

When there is atrial systole

dub sound

semilunar valves closing

What controls diastole and systole of the heart?

The pace maker (AKA sinoatiral node)

What is the function of the sinoatiral node?

Sends electrical signals to start contraction of the heart chambers to pump blood

Difference between veins and arteries

Arteries are thicker than veins as they need to withstand pressure of the blood pumped by the heart

What does blood plasma contain?

nutrients, hormones, antibodies, and other immune proteins

What do red blood cells contain to transport oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body?

Hemoglobin

What percentage of carbon dioxide is used to maintain acid-base or pH balanced via the bicarbonate buffer system?

85%

Bicarbonate buffer system

most important buffer system that keeps blood pH from changing drastically

What are buffers

A solution of a weak acid and its conjugate base or vice versa that can causes and maintain a proper pH when there is an imbalance

What are the two divisions of the white blood cells

granulocytes and agranulocytes

Granulocytes

Neutrophils

Basophils

Eusinophils

Agranulocytoses (PHILZ IS GRAND)

Monocyte and lymphocyte

What do RBC also contain?

Platelets or thrombocytes for blood clotting

Where do the capillaries drain the interstitial fluid that fills the spaces between the cells to filter it

To the lymph NODES :D

What are the lymph nodes enriched with?

Lymphocytes, Macrophages

Essentially, what is lymph?

Plasma with red blood cells removed

Function of lymph nodes

In a sense, they monitor and respond to foreign molecules washed into the system (They are the TSA of the body, they need to check in before they can get inside!!!)

Where do lymph nodes reside?

In certain areas such as oral (Tonsils), Nasal, and genital regions (Basically where foreign bacteria can enter through)

Myocardial infarctions

Also known as heart attacks. This is caused by a blockage in the arteries of the heart which can lead to loss of oxygen in the tissues and then myocardium death.

aneurysm

an excessive localized enlargement of an artery caused by a weakening of the artery wall.

Arrhythmias

abnormal heart rhythms

Hypertension

Also called high blood pressure

A condition where the force of the blood is too high against the arteries

Where is deoxygenated blood carried to the pulmonary circuit

Pulmonary artery

Blood flow through the heart

1-Superior & Inferior Vena Cava, 2-Rt Atrium, 3-Tricuspid Valve, 4- Rt Ventricle, 5-Pulmonary Valve, 6-Pulmonary Artery, 7- Lungs-pick up oxygen, 8-Pulmonary Veins, 9- Lt Atrium, 10- Mitral Valve (Bicuspid), 11-Lt Ventricle, 12- Aortic Valve, 13-Aorta, 14- Body

What chamber of the heart pumps blood towards the lungs

right ventricle (LOOK AND STUDY HEART DIAGRAM)

What statement best describes the function of the veins

Veins carry deoxygenated blood

Veins carry oxygenated

Veins carry blood away from the heart

Veins carry blood back to the heart

Where does digestion begin?

In the mouth

Order of digestive system

mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

Function of digestive system

Break down food fr absorption and distribution of nutrients to the rest of the body.