Unit 2 APUSH Terms - Chapters 2 & 3

Indentured servitude (1600s)

1) Was a way for poor Europeans to immigrate to the American colonies.

2) Immigrants traded 3 to 7 years of labor in exchange for the costly passage to come to the colonies.

3) Up to 50% of European immigrants came on some type of contract (including farming or domestic work).

Triangular trade (1600s)

1) Was the trade route whose main goal was the transatlantic slave trade.

2) The trade was between European colonial powers, West Africa and Caribbean or North American colonies.

3) The goods were sugar (rum) for manufactured goods (weapons) for slaves (middle passage).

Virginia Slave Laws (1660s)

1) Was the first example of the colonial government defining what it meant to be a slave in the British North American colonies.

2) Introduced the concept of "perpetual" slavery, or any child born to a female slave would be slave for life.

3) Also legalized the idea that slaves were property and that owners could use corporal punishment and receive financial compensation for slaves.

Chesapeake/Southern colonies (1600-1754)

1) Consists of Maryland, Virginia (Chesapeake), North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia.

2) These colonies were distinguished by an economy of cash crops (tobacco (main crop), indigo and rice. Indentured servants and slaves were main labor source.

3) A large wealth gap with large plantation owners having power and a protestant religion were characteristics of this region.

New England colonies (1600-1754)

1) Northernmost colonies, which consisted of Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island.

2) The area was originally settled by families who were coming to America to escape religious persecution (i.e. Puritans and Pilgrims).

3) The cold climate and rocky soil meant that the economy of the region was based on trade and shipbuilding.

Middle colonies (1600-1754)

1) Region that included the New York, Delaware, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey colonies.

2) The most diverse region in the British colonies, which included Germans, Dutch, and Quakers.

3) As the "bread colonies," the economy of the region was built on the cultivation of corn and wheat.

Jamestown (1607)

1) The first permanent English settlement in North America, which was established in present-day Virginia.

2) The early years of this colony were especially difficult as colonists died in large numbers due to disease, malnutrition, starvation, and clashes with natives.

3) The introduction of tobacco into the colony by John Rolfe helped make it an economic success and allowed thiscolony to flourish.

Virginia House of Burgesses (1619)

1) First representative assembly created in the British colonies, which was created to govern Virginia.

2) It established a tradition of democracy in the British colonies.

3) This legislative body lasted all the way up to the American Revolution in 1776, with Founding Fathers such as George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and Patrick Henry serving as representatives.

Puritans & “City upon a Hill” (1630)

1) These colonists settled in present-day Massachusetts.

2) These colonists came to America seeking religious freedom from the Anglican church.

3) Their leader John Winthrop delivered this famous sermon, in which he encouraged Puritans to serve as a "model" community for the rest of the world.

Roger Williams/Anne Hutchinson (1640s)

1) They were both Puritans who were banished from Massachusetts.

2) He founded Rhode Island, known for its religious toleration.

3) She and her followers joined Williams in Rhode Island.

Navigation Acts (1660s)

1) Mercantilism is the system in which colonies provide raw materials to its mother country in order to profit from that country's industry. The Navigation Acts are the laws that were created for this very system.

2) The Navigation Acts are laws that dictated the rules of trade between Great Britain and its colonies.

3) The rules of trade were rarely enforced by the British crown, allowing for a policy of salutary neglect to develop.

King Philip’s War (1675)

1) Named after the tribal leader who united Native tribes against English settlers encroaching on their territory.

2) Thousands were killed on both sides, including the tribal leader.

3) This event was significant because it signaled the end of Native American resistance in the New England colonies.

Bacon’s Rebellion (1676)

1) A British colonial farmer, along with former indentured servants, led a series of raids against Native Americans in Virginia.

2) The government accused the poor farmers of rebelling against authority.

3) This conflict served as an example of the class differences that existed within the colonies.

Holy Experiment/William Penn (1681)

1) This refers to the colony of Pennsylvania.

2) This was created as a safe haven for Quakers and guaranteed religious freedom.

3) Its government consisted of a representative assembly and written constitution.

Stono Rebellion (1739)

1) This was the largest slave revolt in the British colonies.

2) Slaves killed more than 20 whites in South Carolina as they tried to gain freedom in Florida.

3) After the slaves were stopped, whites passed more laws restricting slaves.

John Locke (1700s)

1) The Enlightenment was a philosophical and cultural movement in Europe.

2) John Locke was an English philosopher believed in natural rights which greatly influenced American revolutionaries.

3) The ideas of the movement emphasized reason and science as opposed to blind faith and science.

First Great Awakening (1730s)

1) This was a religious revival in the British colonies.

2) Jonathan Edwards's "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God" and George Whitefield were two powerful influences during the movement.

3.) As a result, colonists shared in a common experience and caused some to question authority.

Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790)

1.) American public official, writer, scientist, and printer., who promoted freedom of the press. After the success of his "Poor Richard's Almanac", he entered politics and played a major part in the American Revolution. 2.) Developed the Albany Plan of Union in 1754, which proposed an intercolonial government, and systems for recruiting troops and collecting taxes. During the American Revolution, he negotiated French support for the colonists, signed the Treaty of Paris, and helped draft the Constitution. 3.) His numerous scientific and practical innovations include the lightning rod, bifocal spectacles, and a stove.