Care of a Patient with Liver Dysfunction

These flashcards cover key concepts, functions, and management strategies related to liver dysfunction, as presented in the lecture notes.

What are the priority concepts for the chapter on liver dysfunction?

Cellular regulation and Infection.

What is the main function of the liver in glucose metabolism?

Regulates blood sugar levels by storing excess glucose as glycogen and converting glycogen back to glucose when needed.

What does the liver convert toxic ammonia into?

Urea, which is excreted by the kidneys.

What are the common causes of cirrhosis?

Hepatitis C, hepatitis B and D, Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD/NASH), and alcohol use.

What type of hepatitis is transmitted via fecal-oral route?

Hepatitis A (HAV).

What are the symptoms of Hepatitis B (HBV)?

Fatigue, jaundice, and RUQ pain.

What is the significance of Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) in liver disease?

An increase indicates liver damage such as hepatitis or cirrhosis.

What is the purpose of a liver biopsy?

To confirm cirrhosis, hepatitis, or liver cancer.

What should patients with cirrhosis do to manage fluid volume excess?

Implement sodium restriction, use albumin, and diuretics.

What is hepatic encephalopathy and what causes it?

A buildup of ammonia due to liver dysfunction, which leads to confusion and coma.

What are some common clinical manifestations of liver cirrhosis?

Fatigue, jaundice, abdominal pain, ascites, and GI symptoms.

What dietary adjustments are important for managing hepatic encephalopathy?

Reduce ammonia formation, and maintain dietary protein intake.

What is the action of lactulose in managing hepatic encephalopathy?

It traps ammonia in the gut to lower ammonia levels.

What are the evaluation outcomes for patients with cirrhosis?

Decrease or no ascites, electrolytes within normal limits, no hemorrhage, and no development of encephalopathy.

What preventive measures are suggested for esophageal varices?

Avoid alcohol, aspirin, NSAIDs, and screen for presence with endoscopy.

Which vitamin may need supplementation in patients with liver dysfunction?

Vitamin K.