FINAL.Exam 1 Material
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32 Terms
monogastric animals
animals with a single compartment stomach
ruminant animals
animals with a four-compartment stomach
rumen
largest compartment where microbial fermentation occurs
reticulum
honeycomb-like structure that traps large particles
omasum
compartment with many folds that absorbs water and volatile fatty acids
volatile fatty acids
acetate, propionate, butyrate
abomasum
the TRUE stomach where enzymatic digestion occurs
rumination
process of chewing the cud
nutrients
substances required for life processes
essential nutrients
nutrients that must be supplied in the diet because the animal cannot synthesize them
non-essential nutrients
nutrients that can be synthesized by the animal’s body
water
temperature regulation, transport, chemical reactions
carbohydrates
sugars, starches and fiber to provide energy
proteins
composed of amino acids for building and repairing tissues
fats/lipids
provide energy and essential fatty acids
vitamins
organic compounds needed in small amounts for various metabolic functions
minerals
inorganic elements essential for various bodily functions
maintenance
nutrients needed to maintain body weight and temperature
growth
nutrients needed for tissue growth and development
finishing
nutrients needed for final growth and fattening
production
nutrients needed for producing milk, eggs, wool, etc.
work
nutrients needed for physical work
reproduction
nutrients needed for successful reproduction
dry forages and roughages
feeds with at least 18% crude fiber, high in cellulose and hemicellulose
silage
forage preserved through fermentation
energy feeds
feeds low in fiber and high in starch or fat providing energy
protein supplements
feeds high in protein, supplement dietary protein
non-nutritive additives
substances added to feed for purposes other than nutrition such as antibiotics or growth promoters
proximate analysis
standard method for determining the nutrient composition of feeds
nutrient digestibility
proportion of a nutrient that is digested and absorbed
palatability
acceptability of a feed to an animal
productive value
the ability of a feed to support animal production