Matching Quiz 1 Aaron Beck - Blood Barrier

Aaron Beck's view of depression

Developed a cognitive theory of depression; identified patterns of thinking that correlated with symptoms of depression. In an effort to better understand depression and related illness, he developed the Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory and the Scale for Suicide Ideation. Beck believes that depression is maintained because depressed patients are unaware of the negative automatic thoughts that they habitually formulate.

Absolute Threshold

The minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50 percent of the time

achievement vs. aptitude tests

a test designed to assess what a person has learned vs. a test designed to predict a person's future performance ("aptitude" is the capacity to learn).

action vs. resting potential

a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon vs. the positive-outside/negative-inside state of the selectively permeable cell membrane of the resting axon

acuity-vision

sharpness of vision

acquisition (classically conditioning)

the period when the stimulus comes to evoke the conditioned response

agonist/antagonist (neurotransmitter)

agonists bind to synaptic receptor and increae effect of neurotransmitter. antagonist binds to synaptic receptor but decrease effect of neurotransmitter

agoraphobia

fear or avoidance of situations, such as crowds or wide open places, where one has felt loss of control and panic

Ainsworth Strange Situation (Paradigm)

procedure in which a psychologist observes an infant's behavior in an unfamiliar room at various times as a stranger enters, leaves, and returns; and the mother enters leaves and returns

albert bandura major view on learning and Bobo Doll experiment

we learn social behavior by observing and imitating the behavior of others. Bobo Doll experiment was where researchers physically and verbally abused a clown-faced inflatable toy in front of preschool-age children, which led the children to later mimic the behaviour of the adults by attacking the doll in the same fashion.

Albert Ellis Rational Emotive Therapy (RET)

a therapy in which patients are forced to confront and connect their own illogical thinking

Alfred Adler- inferiority complex

everyone is born with a sense of inferiority and strives to overcome difference by becoming superior; driving force behind all human thoughts, emotions, and behaviors

all or nothing law of neural firing

The law that states that a neuron will either fire at an axon, or will not fire at all.

altruism

a concern for others; generosity

Alzheimer's

progressive mental deterioration that can occur in middle or old age, due to generalized degeneration of the brain. It is the most common cause of premature senility.

American Psychological Association (APA)

professional organization representing psychologists in the United States

Amnesia (anteriograde & retrograde)

anteriograde is unable to form new memories, retrograde is inability to remember events from the past

Amygdala

A limbic system structure involved in memory and emotion, particularly fear and aggression.

Anorexia

loss of appetite

Antisocial personality disorder

A personality disorder in which the person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist.

Aphasia

inability to speak

Apparent motion

illusion of movement in a stationary object

Arousal

Physiological/psychological tension

Asch's conformity study

adjusting our behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard, compared line is equal to the standard line, 5 others say the wrong answer so the student doesn't disagree

Assimilation

interpreting one's new experience in terms of one's existing schemas

Associative learning

learning that certain events occur together

Attachment

an emotional tie with another person

Attribution theory

the theory that we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition

Autonomic nervous system

the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart). Its sympathetic division arouses; its parasympathetic division calms.

Availability heuristic

making a decision based on the answer that most easily comes to mind

Aversive conditioning

a type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol)

Aversive conditions

learning in which punishment or other unpleasant stimulation is used to reduce the frequency of an undesirable response; also called avoidance.

Babinsky response

Infant reflex (goes away over time): in response to touch on bottom of foot, the infant's toes splay outward, then curled in

Barbiturates

drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment

Behavior as being adaptive, behavior feedback effect, behavior genetics, behavior therapy

study of the relationship between genetic variation and psychological traits

Belief perseverance

tendency to stick to our initial beliefs even when evidence contradicts them

bell curve (normal distribution)

the shape of the normal distribution that describes many types of data, most scores falling near the mean (68 percent fall within one standard deviation of it and fewer and fewer near the extremes).

Benjamin Worf's theory of linguistic relativism

Theory claiming that language shapes and may even determine the way people of a particular culture perceive and understand the world.

Big Five Personality Traits

Openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism

Binocular disparity

the difference in the retinal images of the two eyes that provides information about depth

Bipolar disorder

Severe mood swings between major depressive episodes and manic episodes

Blind spot

The point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye

Blindsight

a condition in which a person can respond to a visual stimulus without consciously experiencing it

Blood brain barrier

a filtering mechanism of the capillaries that carry blood to the brain and spinal cord tissue, blocking the passage of certain substances.