fss 302.1 - instrument approach procedure and precision/non-precision approaches

An instrument approach procedure (IAP) is a series of ________ by reference to flight instruments with _______ from the initial approach fix, or where applicable, from the beginning of a defined arrival route to a point from which a landing can be completed and thereafter, if a landing is not completed, to a position at which _________ apply.

predetermined manoeuvres, specified protection from obstacles, holding or enroute obstacle clearance criteria

Instrument approach procedures for specified airports are published in _____.

the Canada Air Pilot (CAP)

Regulations governing the use of instrument approaches can also be found in ______

the CARS and MATS

CARs _____ specifies that landings are governed by published ____.

602, decision heights and minimum descent altitudes

The visual references required by the pilot in order to continue the approach to a safe landing should include at least one of the following references for the ______ and should be ________ to the pilot:

• the runway or runway markings

• runway threshold or threshold markings

• TDZ or TDZ markings

• approach lights

• approach slope indicator system

• runway identification lights (RILS)

• threshold and runway end lights

• touchdown zone lights (TDZL)

• parallel runway edge lights

• runway centreline lights

intended runway, distinctly visible

Subject to the Approach Ban, published _____ associated with all instrument approach procedures are advisory. Their values are indicative of visibilities which, if prevailing at the time of approach, should result in the required visual reference being established and maintained to landing.

landing visibilities

Subject to the Approach Ban, they are not _____ are intended to be used by pilots to judge the probability of a _____ when compared against available visibility reports at the aerodrome to which an instrument approach is being carried out.

limiting, successful landing

Each instrument approach procedure consists of ____ that are intended to indicate to the pilot when to ____, when to reduce ____, when to configure the aircraft for landing, and when to carry out a missed approach if the pilot is not _______.

segments, descend, speed, in visual contact at minimum altitude

No PIC of an IFR aircraft shall commence an instrument approach procedure unless the aircraft altimeter is set to an altimeter setting that is ________ where the approach is to be conducted

usable at the aerodrome

In the _______ phases of IFR flight, the pilot steadily climbs to a safe level and thereafter maintains a margin of safety at cruising altitude, which is at or above ________ for the route segment.

departure and enroute, the minimum enroute altitude (MEA)

From the enroute phase of flight, the pilot must descent to _____.

the point of touchdown

The descent from enroute to touchdown can’t yet be made in one continuous profile, although the abilities of _______ are close to permitting such a profile, pilots must still content with level-offs, speed reductions and aircraft configuration changes.

area navigation, vectoring and straight-in ILS procedures

The initial approach segment is the part of an IAP between the initial approach fix (IAF) or waypoint and the intermediate approach fix or waypoint during which the aircraft _____ and manoeuvres to enter the intermediate segment

departs the enroute phase of flight

That part of an instrument approach procedure (IAP) between the intermediate approach fix (IF) or waypoint and the final approach fix (FAF), waypoint or point, or between ______ and the FAF, waypoint or point, as appropriate.

the end of a track reversal, racetrack or dead-reckoning track procedure

It is in ______ that aircraft configuration, speed, and positioning adjustments are made for entry into the ______

the intermediate approach segment, the final approach segment

The intermediate fix (IF) is the fix at which the aircraft enters _______ of an instrument approach

the intermediate approach segment

A procedure turn is a manoeuvre in which a turn is made ________ followed by a turn in the opposite direction, both turns being executed so as to permit the aircraft to intercept and proceed along _________.

away from a designated track, the reciprocal of the designated track

Procedure turns are designated “left” or “right” according to the direction of _____. However, if possible, the procedure turn is designated _____

the initial turn, “left”

Where _____ is available to construct a straight-in approach procedure, the pilot must make a procedure turn. in this case, the initial approach fix and ____ are the same.

no suitable fix, the final approach fix

During a procedure turn, the aircraft will cross the fix and fly _____ on the specified heading, descending as necessary to the minimum level at which the procedure turn should be completed. The pilot should complete the manoeuvre within the specified distance onto the inbound track, then follow the inbound track to the ________, at which point the final approach commences.

outbound, final approach fix or glide path interception

A standard procedure turn involves proceeding outbound from the fix for ______, then turning ______ from the reciprocal of the final approach track. The pilot flies a straight segment of normally _______, and turns 180 degrees in the specified direction to intercept the inbound track.

one minute, 45 degrees away, 45 seconds

The final approach segment is the part of an IAP from the time that the aircraft does one of the following:

• Completes the last ______, where one is specified

• Crosses the final ______

• Intercepts the last track specified for the procedure until it reaches the ______; alignment and descent for landing are accomplished here

• procedure or base turn

• final approach fix, waypoint or point

• missed approach point (MAP)

The final approach is the segment of an instrument approach between the final approach fix or point and ____, whichever is encountered last, wherein alignment and descent for landing are accomplished.

the runway, airport or missed approach point

The missed approach procedure is to be followed after an instrument approach procedure if, for any reason, a landing is not effected and that occurs normally when the aircraft either

• Has descended to the decision height, or has descended to the minimum descent altitude and reached ____, and has not established the _____ to land

• Is directed by ATC to pull up or to go around.

the missed approach point or waypoint, required visual reference

The missed approach procedure begins at the _____ for precision approaches or at _____ for non-precision approaches

decision height, the minimum decision altitude

The missed approach track is generally a continuation of _____. Upon reaching a specified ______ on that track, the procedure states a point to which the aircraft must return.

The pilot will then have to decide if they will try another approach, or will proceed to the alternate airport.

the final approach course, altitude and/or distance

A precision approach is an instrument approach procedure using azimuth and glide path information provided by ______, _____, or a ______, one of three types: CAT I, CAT II and CAT III

instrument landing system, a microwave landing system, precision approach radar

What are the 3 types of NAVAIDS that are used for precision approaches?

ILS, RNAV/VNAV and LPV

A non-precision approach procedure in which only _______ is provided. No _______ is provided and obstacle assessment in the final segment is based on ______

electronic azimuth information, electronic glide path information, minimum descent altitude

What are the 3 types of NAVAIDS that are used for non-precision approaches?

NDB, VOR, RNAV (without VNAV)

The decision height is a specified height in the precision approach or approach ______ at which a missed approach must be initiated if the required visual reference to continue the approach to land has not been established

with vertical guidance

The minimum descent altitude is the altitude ______ specified in the Canada Air Pilot or the route and approach inventory for ______, below which descent must not be made until the required visual reference to continue the approach to land has been established

above sea level, a non-precision approach

Two types of precision approaches use a glide scope: ______

ILS and Precision Approach Radar (PAR)

ILS Category II and III approaches are precision approaches that may be performed in _______.

lower weather minima

Non-precision approaches are designed to bring the aircraft down to ______. These primarily consist of the localizer, VOR and NDB (ADF) approaches, GPS (_____) approaches as well as circling.

the overall airport environment, RNAV alone, without the VNAV component

GPS overlay non-precision approaches are based on ____________ identified in the Canada Air Pilot. Pilots are not required to monitor the underlying approach aid.

VOR, VOR/DME, NDB and NDB/DME approaches

GPS stand-alone approaches are often provided for runways that ______, runways served by ______ or runways that have straight-in approaches where a GPS approach will provide an operational advantage.

currently have no approach, circling approaches

Having GPS in the procedure name (e.g. GPS RWY 36) identifies _______.

stand-alone approaches