Bio Cancer Test VOCAB

KILL MEEE AHHHHHHH

Homeostasis

All living organisms maintain a stable internal environment

Heredity

All living organisms possess a genetic system that is based on DNA

Metabolism

All living organisms use energy

Cellular Organization

All living organisms are composed of at least one cell

Growth and Reproduction

All living organisms grow and reproduce

A Surrounding Membrane

A protective barrier

Organelles

Structures inside a cell

Nucleus

DNA storage

G1

Cell growth and normal function, cell organelles are duplicated, and a check that DNA is correct before replication

S

DNA replication

G2

Check the DNA for mistakes after replication

Mitosis

The process of creating 2 identical daughter cells from 1 original cell

Tumor

Uncontrolled cell growth

Apoptosis

Program cell death

Stem Cells

Unspecialized cells from which differentiated cells develop

Differentiation

Cells turn on specific genes to become a specialized type of cell

Undifferentiated Cancer Cells

When Cancer cells are able to travel through the bloodstream to other organs in the body and grow in other areas

Differentiated Cells

Carry out the job that multicellular organisms need to stay alive

Metastasis

The spread of cancer from the primary (initial) site to other parts of the body

Genetic Variation

Differences within genes, results in the differences in traits

Mutations

The change in DNA sequences, any change in the gene of an organism

Gene Flow

New genes being introduced into a population

Sexual Reproduction

Shuffling and combining of genes

Substitutions

1 base (ACTG) in changed, can be good

Frameshift

1 or more bases are inserted or deleted, always bad

Carcinogens

Cigarettes, foods, pollution, asbestos

Gametes

Sex cells that each have 50% of your DNA

Crossing Over

DNA from homologous (same) chromosomes are swapped during meiosis

Meiosis

The creation of gametes

Random Assortment

Each sperm and egg had a random set of chromosomes

Oncogenes

Stimulate cell division, prevent cell differentiation, and regulate apoptosis

Tumor Suppressor Genes

Prevents tumors from forming

Cell Cycle

Ensures working cells by going through checkpoints