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Which part of cotton becomes fiber?
Is taken from the boll or seed of the plant (seed fiber)
Is cotton fiber a staple fiber?
Is a short staple fiber ranging 0.5” - 2.5”
What criteria are used to grade cotton fiber?
Color
- White is the highest grade
Cleanness
- Free of trash (leaves & stems)
Length
- A long staple fibers is high grade
- Longer fibers are silkier, stronger, more lustrous
List some examples of extra-long cotton fibers
- Sea Land
- Pima
- Egyptian
- Upland
- Alcala
What is the difference between organic cotton and transitional cotton?
Organic cotton
- Is grown using less water and without the use of toxic fertilizers and pesticides
- Is certified with GOTS (Global Organic Textile Standard) requiring that the field in which the cotton must be pesticide-free for three years (long term)
Transitional cotton
- Is produced without pesticides (currently shifting to organic practices)
What is colorgrown cotton?
- Is grown in color (e.g., greens, browns, rusts, etc.)
- Does not fade, bleed, or crock (rubs-off)
List advantages of cotton fiber
- Hydrophilic; absorbency
- Electrical conductivity
- Thermal conductivity
- Cohesiveness (relevant for yarn spinning)
- Soft hand
- No piling
List disadvantages of cotton fiber
- Poor drape
- Poor loft
- Poor resilience
- Poor dimensional stability
- Damaged by mildew, silverfish
- Poor elasticity
- Poor luster
- Inflammability: burning cotton smells like burning paper
Where are cotton fibers used?
- Apparel
- Fabric blends (e.g., polyester)
- Home furnishings
- Medical, surgical, sanitary
- Industrial
Natural fibers
Cellulose Fibers
- From plants (seeds, bast/stem)
Protein Fibers
- From animals, insect
Man-Made fibers
Manufactured Fibers
- From natural fibers that are altered with chemicals
Synthetic Fibers
- From petroleum or chemicals
Mineral Fibers
- From minerals