AP EURO UNIT 5: 1600s ABSOLUTISM

Thirty Years' War

War starting in the Holy Roman Empire, expanding to Europe.

Bohemians

Group resisting Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II's Catholicism enforcement.

Battle of White Mountain

Decisive battle where Bohemia's army was defeated.

Danish king Christian IV

Leader protecting Protestants in the Holy Roman Empire.

King Gustavus Adolphus

Swedish military strategist in the Thirty Years' War.

Battle of Rocroi

Final battle leading to France's victory in the war.

Absolutism

Belief that the monarch has absolute power, legislative and political.

Divine Right Monarchy

Theory of kings' absolute power granted by God.

Cardinal Richelieu

Chief minister under Louis XIII, controlled nobles.

Cardinal Mazarin

Successor of Richelieu, dealt with the Fronde revolt.

Louis XIV

French king exemplifying absolute monarchy.

Versailles

City housing Louis XIV's court, symbol of power.

Intendants

Officials enforcing central orders in French provinces.

Parlements

Provincial law courts registering and enforcing laws in France.

Peace of Augsburg

Ended religious conflicts in the Holy Roman Empire.

Peace of Westphalia

Established religious freedom in German states and ended Germanic fighting in the Thirty Years’ War.

Philip IV of Spain

Spanish ruler during Spain's decline in the 17th century.

Phillip IV

Ruler of Spain during its decline due to costly wars and loss of land

Frederick William the Great Elector

Ruler of Brandenburg-Prussia who built a strong army and promoted mercantilism

Boyars

Russian nobility whose power was reduced by Ivan IV

Peter the Great

Ruler of Russia who modernized the army, government, and economy

Procurator

Head of the Holy Synod, controlling the Russian Orthodox Church

Janissaries

Enslaved Christian boys in the Ottoman Empire's army

Sejm

Polish assembly sharing power with the King, hindering central government

Gentry

English landowners, not nobility, influential in society

Oliver Cromwell

Leader of the Independents, established a new government in England

William of Orange

Ruler of England post-Glorious Revolution, strengthened Parliament

Glorious Revolution

Overthrow of James II, leading to more power for Parliament

Mannerism

Artistic movement focusing on emotion and distorted body proportions

Baroque

Artistic movement emphasizing religion, dramatic effects, and contrast between light and dark

William Shakespeare

Renowned English playwright known for deep characters and stories