CSD 101- Exam 2

What is a language impairment?

impaired comprehension or use of spoken lang. or written system.

-Receptive

-Expressive

What would a receptive language disorder consist of?

difficulty understanding language.

What would an expressive language disorder consist of?

Trouble using language to tell others your thoughts, feelings. or answering questions.

Define intentionality.

any attempt to communicate (through gestures and eye contact, 8-9 months)

Define represenatation.

when one thing stands in for the other (playing with a pen as if it's a car)

Define symbolization.

symbols that stand in for something else (can include words and gestures)

Define lexicon.

personal dictionary, reflects child's environment

Define Reformulation.

adult shows a model or example to child to expand their knowledge

Define fast mapping.

how a person uses contest clues to understand words

What does MLU stand for?

Main length or Underance. Meaning how complex their language if for their age.

Define metalinguistic.

the ability to consider language out of context, make judgments about its correctness.

what happens if your child has a delayed expressive vocab at the age of 2?

they are at risk of being a "late talker."

Define Circumlocutions.

talking to bypass or go around a word

ex:"It's that . . . that going round thing."

what is an intellectual disability?

any cognitive disorder including...

- traumatic brain injury

- Alzheimer's disease

what are the characteristics of a intellectual disability?

- Limitations in intellectual functioning

- Limitations in adaptive behaviors

- Originates before 18 y/o

- Severity classifications based on IQ

Around what age should a person with a intellectual disability be diagnosed?

- Some newborns identified early

- Later identification around 2-3 y/o

What is a learning disability?

heterogenous group (multiple disorders varyinging in severity) of disorders that are manifested by significant difficulties in the development and use of listening, speaking, reading, writing, reasoning, or mathematical abilities

What is TBI?

traumatic brain injury

- Can result from external force from auto accident, fall, gunshot wound

Define jargon.

meaningless or irrelevant speech with typical intonational (rise and fall in pitch) patterns

what does SLI stand for?

Specific Language Impairment

what is specific language impairment also referred to as?

Primary Language Impairment (PLI)

what does specific language impairment intail?

- issues with language

- Children with SLI are at risk for academic failure

- Working memory problems

- Executive functioning problems

what is social communication (SCD, aka pragmatics)?

the ability to communicate with a variety of partners in various situations not only through language but through non linguistic means (facial expressions and eye contact)

what might a person with SCD has issues with?

difficulty in the social use of verbal/nonverbal communication.

What is Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?

persistent deficits in social communication and interaction, and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities that limit and impair daily functioning

Define echolalia.

Repeating the last word heard several times.

What are some ASD language characteristics?

- Affects semantics and pragmatics more than form

- Suprasegmentals are often affected (stress, intonation, loudness, pitch, rate)

- Unintelligible vocalizations in severe cases

-rocking, fascination with lights

define place in regards to speech sound disorder.

the location of the point of closure or restriction. The place of consonant production.

define manner in regards to speech sound disorder.

how sounds are made, based on how much the airflow is blocked, redirected, or restricted. manner of consonant production.

define voicing in regards to speech sound disorder.

what the vocal folds are doing during consonant sound production.

in the place-voice-manner chart, what would be under PLACE?

Bilabial, labiodental, linguadental, etc.

give an example of bilabial

- sound is made by bringing both lips together

- ex: sounds that start with /m/ or /p/

give an example of linguadental

- sound is made by placing the tongue against the upper teeth.

- ex: "th" sound, as in the words "think"

give an example of labiodental

- sound is made by touching the bottom lip to the upper teeth.

- ex: "f" sound, as in the word "fun"

what is initial word position?

- When a sound occurs at the very beginning of a word

- ex: "b" in "ball."

what is medial word position?

- When a sound appears in the middle of a word

- ex: "t" in "water."

what is the final word position?

-When a sound occurs at the end of a word

-ex: "p" in "cup."

in what order do people typically develop regarding position of words?

initial, final, medial

explain SODA (speech disorders)

-Substitutions: Replacing one sound with another (e.g., "tool" for "cool")

-Omissions: Leaving out a sound (e.g., "boo" for "book"

-Additions: Adding an extra sound to a word

-Distortions: Producing a sound in an unfamiliar way (e.g., lisps)

in the place-voice-manner chart, what would be under MANNER?

Fricatives, affricates, nasals, etc.

Define intelligibility.

how easy it is to understand an individual

in the place-voice-manner chart, what would be under VOICE?

Voiced, unvoiced

What does a articulation impairment consist of?

-disorder of speech production

-motor based

-SODA

What is a speech delay?

a child is not acquiring speech sounds at the expected rate based on norm. data OR when a young child produces errors of later-developing sounds

What is childhood apraxia of speech (CAS)?

difficulties in the planning and programing of necessary movements for accurate speech production

can you give an example of CAS?

an 8-year-old pronounces lemon as wemon, the SLP might record this sound error as a substitution

what is Literacy?

-use of visual modes of communication, particularly reading and writing

-SLP's are NOT experts (unless you get a certification)

Define decoding

taking the word apart by its sounds and then putting it back together so it makes sense

ex: cat =/k/, /æ/, and /t/.

What are phonological process

(patterns)?

How children simplify speech to make words easier to say.

At what age do Phonological processes disappear?

age 4, preschool age

what is phonological awareness?

Your knowledge of the patterns of sounds in language.

(listening, rhyming, alliteration, blending, syllables, and segmentation)

what is phoneme awareness?

the specific ability to manipulate sounds, such as blending sounds to create new words or segmenting words into sounds

can you give an example of phoneme awareness?

"can you replace the c in cat for a b?"

"What is the word now?"

"Bat."

what is morphological awareness?

knowing how adding or changing these parts can change the meaning of a word.

what is a consonant?

a sound made when the airflow in your mouth is partly blocked or restricted in some way while speaking

can you give an example of morphological awareness?

"what is the past tense of walk?"

"walked."

what is easier to say, vowels of consonants?

vowels

what is a vowel?

relatively open or unobstructed vocal tract

what are the levels of comprehension?

- Decoding

- Critical literacy

- Dynamic literacy

what is critical literacy?

involves the ability to interpret and explain the content

what is dynamic literacy?

reader can connect content to other knowledge through reasoning

What is metacognition?

awareness and understanding of one's own thought processes.

How many words should a sixth grader be able to RECEPTIVELY understand?

30,000 (30k) words

How many words should a first grader be able to RECEPTIVELY understand?

8,000 - 14,000 words

How many words should a high schooler be able to RECEPTIVELY understand?

60,000 (60k) words

How many words should an adult be able to RECEPTIVELY understand?

100,000 (100k) words

How many words should an 18 month year old be to EXPRESS themselves with?

50 words

How many words should a 2 year old be to able to EXPRESS themselves with?

150-300 words