A&P Macromolecule Structures & Functions (Lipids)

What are lipids?

Nonpolar organic molecules that do not dissolve well in water

What elements are lipids mainly made of?

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (C,H,O)

What are the four main types of lipids?

Triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids, and prostaglandins

What are the main functions of triglycerides?

Long term energy storage, insulation, and protection

What is triglycerides made of?

1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids

What is glycerol?

A 3-carbon molecule that Irma’s the backbone of triglycerides

What is a fatty acid?

A long hair of carbon an hydrogen with a carboxyl group at one end

What is a phospholipid?

A lipid made of glycerol + 2 fatty acids + phosphate group

What is the main function of phospholipids?

They form the cell membrane/phospholipid bilayer

What does hydrophilic mean?

Water-loving / attracted to water

What does hydrophobic mean?

Water-fearing / repelled by water

What are steroids?

Lipids made of four connected carbon rings

What is an example of a steroid?

Cholesterol

What is cholesterol used for?

Helps maintain cell membrane structure and is used to make steroid hormones

What are prostaglandins?

Lipid molecules involved in regulating inflammation and other body processes

What is adipose tissue?

Connective tissue that stores fat, provides insulation, and cushions/protects organs

Why are lipids good for long term energy storage?

They store more energy per gram than carbohydrates

1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids =

Triglycerides

Glycerol + 2 fatty acids + phosphate =

Phospholipid

Which lipid forms most of the cell membrane?

Phospholipids

Which lipid is mainly used for long term energy storage?

Triglycerides

Which lipid has four connected carbon rings?

Steroids