AP US History summer reveiw Ch 2

Huguenots

French Protestants who were forced to leave France after King Louis XIV banned Protestantism in 1685, and many settled in British North America.

Edict of Nantes

Decree issued by French crown granting limited toleration to French Protestants. Ended religious wars in France. It’s creation in 1685 prompted the migration of Protestant Huguenots to North America.

Coureurs de bois

Translated to “runners of the woods” they were French fur trappers, also known as “voyageurs”, who established trading posts throughout North America. The fur trade wrecked havoc on the health and folkways of their Native American trading partners.

Protestant Reformation

A religious movement in the 16th century that aimed to reform the Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches. It was initiated by figures such as Martin Luther and John Calvin, leading to significant religious and political changes in Europe.

Roanoke Island

Sir Walter Raleigh’s failed colonial settlement off the coast of North Carolina

Spanish Armada

Spanish fleet defeated in the English Channel in 1588. The defeat of the Armada marked the beginning of the decline of the Spanish Empire.

Primogeniture

Legal principle that the oldest son inherits all family property or land. Landowner’ younger sons, forced to seek their fortunes elsewhere, pioneered early exploration and settlement in the Americas. (Europe)

Joint-stock Company

Short-term partnership between multiple investors to fund a commercial enterprise; such arrangements were used to fund England’s early colonial ventures in America.

Virginia Company

English joint stock company that revived a charter from King James 1 that allowed it to found the Virginia colony.

Charter

A legal document granted by a government to some group or agency to implement a stated purpose and spelling out the attending rights and obligations. Brutish colonial charters guaranteed inhabitants all the rights of Englishmen, which helped solidify colonists’ ties to Britain durning the early years of the settlement.

Jamestown

The first permanent English settlement in North America, founded in 1607 by the Virginia Company.

First Anglo-Powhatan War

A series of clashes between the Powhatan Confederacy and English settlers in Virginia/. English colonists torched and pillaged Indian villages, applying tactics used in England’s campaigns against the Irish.

New Netherland

North American Dutch colony centered in New Amsterdam (now New York). Through prosperous, this colony was conquered and absorbed by the English.

Iroquois Confederacy

Bound together five tribes- the Mohawks, the Oneidas, the Onondagas, the Cayugas, and the Senecas- in the Mohawk Valley of what is now New York State.

Elizabeth 1

Queen of England from 1558 to 1603, instrumental in the establishment of Protestantism and the defeat of the Spanish Armada.

Sir Francis Drake

English sea captain, privateer, and explorer known for circumnavigating the globe and his defeat of the Spanish fleet.

Sir Walter Raleigh

An English explorer and writer known for popularizing tobacco in England and founding the unsuccessful Roanoke Colony in North America.

James 1

King of England from 1603 to 1625, known for authorizing the King James Version of the Bible and seeking to unify England and Scotland.

Captian John Smith

An English soldier and explorer who played a pivotal role in the establishment of the Jamestown colony in Virginia. He is known for his leadership and the motto "No work, no food."

Powhatan

A Native American leader of the Powhatan Confederacy in Virginia, he played a significant role in the early years of the Jamestown settlement, interacting both cooperatively and conflictually with the English settlers.

Pocahontas

A Native American woman and the daughter of Powhatan, known for her association with the colonial settler John Smith and her role in the early years of the Virginia colony.

Lord De La Warr

Governor of the Jamestown colony, he played a crucial role in establishing a military regime and engaged in conflicts with Native Americans during the early years of colonization.

John Rolfe

An early English settler in Virginia, known for cultivating tobacco as a cash crop, which helped ensure the colony's economic success. He is also known for marrying Pocahontas, the daughter of the Powhatan leader.

Hiawatha

A legendary leader of the Iroquois Confederacy, known for promoting peace and unity among the five nations. He played a crucial role in the formation of the Iroquois League in the 16th century.