AP GoPo Unit 1 - Fedralism

Block Grants

grants-in-aid awarded for general purposes

categorical grants

grants-in-aid provided to states with specific provisions on their use

Commerce Clause

Clause stating that Congress can regulate interstate and international commerce.

confederal system

a system where the subnational governments have most of the power

Cooperative Federalism

states and nation government work together to shape public policy. Sharing powers and policy assignments.

Devolution

returning more authority to state or local governments

Dual Federalism

state governments and national governments operate independently in their own areas of public policy. Powers and policy assignments of the layers of government were distinct.

exclusive powers

powers that can only be used by the national government

Expressed (or Enumerated or Delegated) Powers

powers that the U.S. Congress explicitly holds and are listed directly in the Constitution

Federalism

A system in which power is divided between the national and state governments

Federal Mandate

A requirement the federal government imposes as a condition for receiving federal funds.

federal system

system of government in which the national government and state governments share power and derive all authority from the people

Fiscal Federalism

the federal government's use of grants-in-aid to influence policies in the states

Fourteenth Amendment

provides that persons born in the US are citizens and prohibits states from denying persons due process or equal protection under the law

Full Faith and Credit Clause

Clause in the Constitution (Article 4

grants-in-aid

federal money provided to states to implement public policy objectives

implied powers

power not granted specifically to the national government but considered necessary to carry out the expressed/enmerated powers.

McCulloch v. Maryland

ruled that Congress has implied powers necessary to implement its enumerated powers and established supremacy of the US COnstitution and federal laws over state laws.

Necessary an proper clause

clause of the constitution that grants the federal government the authority to pass laws required to carry out its enmerated powers

reserved powers

powers not given to the national government

revenue sharing

when the federal government apportions tax money to the states with no strings attached

Supremacy Clause

Contained in Article IV of the Constitution

Tenth Amendment

reserves powers not delegated to the national government to the states and the people; the basis of federalism

unfunded mandates

federal requirements that states or local governments pay the costs of federal policies.

unitary system

a system where the central government has all of the power over subnational governments.

US v. Lopez

Ruled that Congress may not use the commerce clause to make possession of a gun in a school zone a federal crime