Neurology Red

1. Components of the central nervous system include all of the following except: a) cerebellum b) spinal cord c) spinal nerves d) diencephalon

c) spinal nerves

2. Inductive signals generated by certain genes are responsible for differentiation of all these cell types except: a) neurons b) astrocytes c) oligodendrocytes d) ependymal cells

d) ependymal cells

3. The brainstem includes all of the following except: a) Midbrain b) Pons c) Medulla d) Cerebellum

d) Cerebellum

4. Getting a patient oriented with self, place, and time is part of the exam for: a) Long-term memory b) Orientation c) Awareness d) Short-term memory

b) Orientation

5. Tests of motor coordination, dexterity, and balance assess the function of the: a) Cerebral cortex b) Brainstem c) Basal ganglia d) Cerebellum

d) Cerebellum

6. Second-order neurons in the dorsal column system: a) convey information about pain and temperature b) cross within the lemniscal decussation c) cross within the pyramidal decussation d) convey well-localized sensations of fine touch, vibration

d) convey well-localized sensations of fine touch, vibration

7. Drooping left eyelid, weak adduction/elevation of left eye, loss of pupillary light reflex left eye, weakness of limbs/lower face on right side. Lesion location? a) medial region of left pontomedullary junction b) basomedial region of left cerebral peduncle c) superior region of left mesencephalon d) dorsolateral region of left medulla e) periaqueductal gray matter left side

b) basomedial region of left cerebral peduncle

8. A neurologic syndrome is characterized by loss of pain and thermosensitivity on the left side of the face and on the right side of the body from the neck down; partial paralysis of the soft palate, larynx, and pharynx on the left side; ataxia on the left side; and hiccuping. This syndrome could be expected from infarction in the territory of the: a. basilar artery b. right posterior inferior cerebellar artery c. left posterior inferior cerebellar artery d. right superior cerebellar artery e. left superior cerebellar artery

c. left posterior inferior cerebellar artery

9. Hemiplegia and sensory deficit right side of body caused by infarction of: a) left middle cerebral artery b) right anterior cerebral artery c) left posterior cerebral artery d) left superior cerebellar artery e) anterior communicating artery

a) left middle cerebral artery

10. If oculomotor nerve (III) is sectioned, all may result except: a) partial ptosis b) abduction of the eyeball c) dilation of the pupil d) impairment of lacrimal secretion e) paralysis of the ciliary muscle

d) impairment of lacrimal secretion

11. In a stroke affecting MCA territory: a) weakness/sensory loss most severe in contralateral leg b) weakness/sensory loss most severe in contralateral face and arm c) weakness/sensory loss most severe in ipsilateral leg d) weakness/sensory loss most severe in ipsilateral face and arm e) akinetic mutism often seen

b) weakness/sensory loss most severe in contralateral face and arm

12. Sensory input for taste is carried by: a) vestibulocochlear (VIII) nerve b) facial (VII) nerve for entire tongue c) facial (VII) and glossopharyngeal (IX) nerves for anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 of tongue respectively d) glossopharyngeal (IX) and vagus (X) nerves for anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 respectively

c) facial (VII) and glossopharyngeal (IX) nerves for anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 of tongue respectively

13. In central facial paralysis resulting from damage of the facial (VII) nucleus, there is: a) paralysis of all ipsilateral facial muscles b) paralysis of all contralateral facial muscles c) paralysis of ipsilateral facial muscles except buccinator d) paralysis of all contralateral muscles except buccinator e) paralysis of contralateral facial muscles except frontalis and orbicularis oculi

e) paralysis of contralateral facial muscles except frontalis and orbicularis oculi

14. Lesion of cerebral cortex on one side can result in deficit in muscles innervated by: a) contralateral spinal motor neurons b) ipsilateral spinal motor neurons c) contralateral facial (VII) nerve d) ipsilateral facial (VII) nerve

a) contralateral spinal motor neurons

15. The trigeminal nuclear complex: a) has somatic afferent components b) participates in certain reflex responses of cranial muscles c) has a branchial efferent component d) receives projections of axons coursing with nerve X

a) has somatic afferent components

16. 55-year-old, 8-month progressive incoordination right arm/leg, hypotonia and ataxia right side. Most likely diagnosis: a) a stroke b) a tumor c) in the left cerebellar hemisphere d) in the right cerebellar hemisphere

b) a tumor d) in the right cerebellar hemisphere

17. A lesion of the right frontal cortex (area 8) produces: a) double vision (diplopia) b) impaired gaze to the right c) impaired gaze to the left d) dilated pupils e) no disturbances of ocular motor system

c) impaired gaze to the left

18. Which statement about the auditory system is NOT true? a) lateral lemniscus carries information from both ears b) major synaptic delay in the midbrain c) major synaptic delay in the thalamus d) major synaptic delay in the inferior olivary nucleus e) crossing fibers pass through trapezoid body

d) major synaptic delay in the inferior olivary nucleus

19. Destruction of lower cervical/upper thoracic ventral roots on the left side leads to: a) dilated right pupil b) constricted right pupil c) dilated left pupil d) constricted left pupil

d) constricted left pupil

20. After transection of a peripheral nerve: a) axons and Schwann cells distal to the cut degenerate and disappear b) sensory axons distal to cut survive but motor axons degenerate c) motor neurons whose axons were cut degenerate and disappear d) axons of proximal stump send out new growth cones to attempt regeneration

d) axons of proximal stump send out new growth cones to attempt regeneration

21. 54-year-old accountant found on floor with right hemiparesis (arm/face more than leg) and severe aphasia. Most likely diagnosis: a) tumor involving left thalamus b) large tumor of left cerebral hemisphere c) stroke involving left middle cerebral territory d) stroke involving right anterior cerebral territory

c) stroke involving left middle cerebral territory

22. The corticospinal tract passes through: a) internal capsule b) crus cerebri c) pyramids of medulla d) lateral and anterior columns of spinal cord e) all of the above

e) all of the above

23. Language deficits common to neurological disorders are collectively known as: a) Dysphasias b) Alogias c) Anomias d) Aphasias

d) Aphasias

24. Which part of the brain regulates heartbeat, breathing, and other vital functions: a) Gray matter b) White matter c) Brainstem d) Occipital lobe

c) Brainstem

25. Babinski and Hoffman are tests to evaluate: a) Motor coordination b) Gait c) Reflexes d) Response to pain

c) Reflexes

26. The cerebrum consists of the: a) thalamus and basal ganglia b) telencephalon and midbrain c) telencephalon and diencephalon d) brain stem and prosencephalon e) cerebellum and prosencephalon

c) telencephalon and diencephalon

27. Which procedure is used to withdraw cerebrospinal fluid? a) CT b) MRI c) Cerebral angioplasty d) Lumbar puncture

d) Lumbar puncture

28. The brainstem consists of the: a) Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata b) Thalamus and hypothalamus c) Cerebellum, cerebrum, spinal cord d) Dura mater and pia mater

a) Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

29. Diminished sensitivity to stimulation is called: a) Anesthesia b) Hyperesthesia c) Hypesthesia d) Bradykinesia

c) Hypesthesia

30. Failure of muscle coordination, unsteady movements, staggering walk due to cerebellar disorder is called: a) Anoxia b) Dyslexia c) Paraplegia d) Ataxia

d) Ataxia

31. How many pairs of cranial nerves are in the nervous system? a) 18 b) 14 c) 12 d) 16

c) 12

32. Inability to use or understand spoken/written language from brain lesion is known as: a) Dyslexia b) Anosomnia c) Dyslexia d) Aphasia

d) Aphasia

33. The term dysmetria means: a) inability to read despite normal vision b) severe pain along the course of a nerve c) impairment of intellectual ability d) inability to fix the range of movement in muscular activity

d) inability to fix the range of movement in muscular activity

34. Which is NOT a form of mental status testing? a) Telling the pt. 3 words and asking to repeat b) Asking the pt. what time it is c) Asking pt. to count backward from 10 d) Asking pt. to roll head from right to left

d) Asking pt. to roll head from right to left

35. Pt. stands straight with eyes closed to examine sway. Test name? a) Pronator b) Romberg c) MacMurray

b) Romberg

36. Chronic disease with loss of myelin sheath causing paresthesia, muscle weakness, unsteady gait: a) Multiple sclerosis b) Cerebral palsy c) Huntington chorea d) Narcolepsy

a) Multiple sclerosis

37. The term paresthesia refers to: a) severe pain along the course of a nerve b) sensation of numbness, burning, crawling, or tingling c) impairment or lessening of sensitivity to touch

b) sensation of numbness, burning, crawling, or tingling

38. Brain disorder marked by gradual deterioration of mental capacity, memory impairment, confusion: a) Cerebral palsy b) Alzheimer disease c) Epileptic seizures d) Multiple sclerosis

b) Alzheimer disease

39. 35-year-old woman with episodic vertigo lasting hours, tinnitus, ear fullness, prefers lying on left side, fine rotary nystagmus, high-tone hearing loss with recruitment no tone decay. Diagnosis: a) labyrinthitis b) Meniere's disease c) vertebrobasilar insufficiency d) acoustic neuroma e) multiple sclerosis

b) Meniere's disease

40. Patient with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, intractable complex partial seizures, small hippocampus with T2 signal change. Likely additional history: a) History of febrile seizures b) Hypothyroidism c) Neurofibromas d) Recurring genital ulcers e) Type 2 diabetes mellitus

a) History of febrile seizures

41. The most common presenting finding/symptom of multiple sclerosis is: a) internuclear ophthalmoplegia b) transverse myelitis c) cerebellar ataxia d) optic neuritis e) urinary retention

d) optic neuritis

42. 78-year-old woman, embolic CVA, severe burning pain right side ("bathed in acid"). Most likely site of recent CVA: a) Frontal lobe b) Hypothalamus c) Pons d) Temporal lobe e) Thalamus

e) Thalamus

43. 52-year-old man, gets out of bed repeatedly, paces, kicks wife at night, feels ants crawling on legs when sitting still/at night: a) Peripheral neuropathy with paresthesias b) Restless legs syndrome with periodic limb movements of sleep c) Parasomnias d) Parkinson's disease with paresthesias

b) Restless legs syndrome with periodic limb movements of sleep

44. 72-year-old man worried about memory, misplaces items, still works fine as professor, moderate retrieval deficit only. Diagnosis: a) Pick's disease b) Frontal lobe dementia c) Mild cognitive impairment d) Vascular dementia

c) Mild cognitive impairment

45. 52-year-old woman, 2-year behavioral change, poor concentration, apathy, weight gain, inappropriate sexual jokes, poor hygiene, grasp and palmomental reflexes present: a) Vascular dementia b) Frontotemporal dementia c) Normal pressure hydrocephalus d) Presenile dementia

b) Frontotemporal dementia

46. 35-year-old man, bilateral throbbing headaches with weightlifting, resolves within 15 min of stopping, no headache with cardio: a) Cluster headache b) Typical migraine headache c) Exertional headache d) Tension headache

c) Exertional headache

47. 43-year-old man, sudden sharp shoulder pain, weakness not localizable to a dermatome/nerve root, involves multiple peripheral nerve territories, numbness in hand: a) Delayed-onset multiple sclerosis b) Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis c) Stroke d) Parsonage-Turner syndrome (brachial neuritis)

d) Parsonage-Turner syndrome (brachial neuritis)

48. 69-year-old woman, vertigo when rolling over in bed (worse rolling left), lasts ~40 sec then resolves. Best management: a) Epley maneuver b) Complete supine bedrest until vertigo resolves c) NSAIDs d) Avoid bright lights until vertigo resolves

a) Epley maneuver

49. 54-year-old man, headaches since 40s, 1-8x/day, unilateral severe orbital pain, sharp/stabbing, with lacrimation and conjunctival injection: a) A typical migraine b) Tension headache c) Medication overuse headache d) Cluster headache

d) Cluster headache

50. Most common neurologic presentation of neurocysticercosis: a) Headaches b) Seizures c) Dementia d) Blindness e) Hearing loss

b) Seizures

51. 37-year-old woman, severe headache and blurred vision, prior nausea/emesis, worsened overnight, mild optic disc bulging, thin, smoker, on OCPs: a) Temporal arteritis b) Orbital tumor c) Cerebral venous thrombosis d) Carcinomatous meningitis

c) Cerebral venous thrombosis

52. 78-year-old man, dementia, confusion, urinary incontinence, moderate recall deficit, "magnetic" gait: a) Normal pressure hydrocephalus b) Parkinson's dementia c) Dementia with Lewy bodies d) Alzheimer's dementia

a) Normal pressure hydrocephalus

53. Patient with progressive bilateral cape-distribution numbness (sternal notch to behind ear), decreased pain/temp at C4, normal vibration, normal bladder/anal function: a) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis b) Disc herniation c) Intramedullary tumor d) Knife or bullet injury e) Neurosyphilis

c) Intramedullary tumor

54. 46-year-old man, gradual facial weakness/slurred speech, right arm weakness/diplopia, resolved overnight, then 3/5 weakness worsening with exertion, disconjugate gaze, intact sensation. Most likely location: a) Brainstem b) Muscle c) Neuromuscular junction d) Peripheral nerve e) Spinal root

c) Neuromuscular junction

55. 34-year-old, dizziness/vertigo/tinnitus/right gait ataxia 1 week. Calorics: left ear normal COWS responses right ear no response to cold caloric. Cause: a) Acoustic neuroma b) Aminoglycoside antibiotics c) Cerebellar ischemia d) Otoconia (ear otoliths)

a) Acoustic neuroma

56. Patient with suspected cervical degenerative disk disease. Most common expected finding: a) Biceps weakness b) Decreased light touch in axilla/arm c) Decreased pin-prick over lateral deltoid d) Weak finger flexors

a) Biceps weakness

57. Which statement about syringomyelia is true? a) More than half of cases associated with Chiari malformations b) Symptoms typically begin in middle age c) Vibration and position sensation usually diminished d) Syrinx cavities are always congenital e) Neurosurgical decompression is usually effective

a) More than half of cases associated with Chiari malformations

58. 65-year-old woman, brief intermittent excruciating lancinating pain lips/gums/cheek, triggered by touching lips/moving tongue, normal exam/MRI: a) acoustic neuroma b) meningioma c) temporal lobe epilepsy d) trigeminal neuralgia e) facial nerve palsy

d) trigeminal neuralgia

59. 45-year-old man, severe right arm pain after shoulder contusion 1 month ago, arm more moist/hairy, edematous, atrophic skin, no focal weakness/sensory change: a) subclavian vein thrombosis b) brachial plexus injury c) reflex sympathetic dystrophy d) acromioclavicular separation e) cervical radiculopathy

c) reflex sympathetic dystrophy

60. All associated with decreased sense of smell EXCEPT: a) head trauma b) HIV infection c) influenza B infection d) Kallmann syndrome e) parainfluenza virus type 3 infection

b) HIV infection

61. Patient with L4-L5 disc herniation, constant left LE weakness x6 months, intermittent pain, chronic narcotics. What would prompt surgical referral? a) Absent DTRs on the right b) MRI shows L3-L4 herniation as well c) Nighttime symptoms d) Physical exam demonstrates progressive weakness

d) Physical exam demonstrates progressive weakness

62. 78-year-old, exam finding: rapid knee raise also lifts ankle off bed, varying resistance, ankle drags variably, unilateral only. Significance: a) Decreased motor tone from motor neuron disease b) Decreased motor tone from musculoskeletal injury c) Patient's paratonia may be a normal reaction d) Patient's rigidity is a manifestation of parkinsonism

c) Patient's paratonia may be a normal reaction

63. All reduce risk of atherothrombotic stroke in primary/secondary prevention EXCEPT: a) aspirin b) blood pressure control c) clopidogrel d) statin therapy e) warfarin

e) warfarin

64. 76-year-old nursing home resident, unwitnessed fall, unresponsive to stimuli, baseline dementia. Regarding head injury/hematomas, which is true? a) >80% of SDH patients experience a lucid interval before LOC b) Epidural hematomas generally arise from venous sources c) Epidural hematomas are common among elderly with minor head trauma d) Most patients presenting with epidural hematomas are unconscious e) Subdural hematomas lead to rapid ICP rise and can require arterial ligation

d) Most patients presenting with epidural hematomas are unconscious (unce

65. 40-year-old man, recurrent tinnitus episodes with dizziness/hearing decrement, unilateral, no relief with meclizine, symptoms not reproduced by Dix-Hallpike. Best long-term treatment: a) Diuretic b) Glucocorticoid c) Epley procedure d) Metoclopramide e) Scopolamine transdermal

a) Diuretic

66. 27-year-old, serious head injury, 2 weeks later unrousable, no response to any stimulus, no sleep-wake cycle or voluntary actions. Best description: a) brainstem death b) coma c) locked-in syndrome d) minimally conscious state e) vegetative state

b) coma

67. What is the basic unit of the nervous system? a) Glial cell b) Neuron c) Cerebrospinal fluid d) Meninges

b) Neuron

68. 63-year-old woman, 3-month progressive wasting/weakness right hand, fasciculations, wasting of interossei/thenar, mildly increased tone right forearm, brisker reflexes right arm, normal sensation: a) brachial plexopathy b) carpal tunnel syndrome c) motor neuron disease d) T1 motor root lesion e) ulnar neuropathy

c) motor neuron disease

69. The somatic nervous system innervates the: a) blood vessels of the skin b) blood vessels of the brain c) muscles of the heart d) muscles of the body wall e) muscles of the viscera

d) muscles of the body wall

70. Narcolepsy may be associated with: a) Cataplexy b) Hypnagogic Hallucinations c) Sleep paralysis d) all of the above

d) all of the above

71. All may cause episodic generalized paresis EXCEPT: a) carotid artery stenosis b) hypokalemia c) multiple sclerosis d) myasthenia gravis e) transient ischemic attack

a) carotid artery stenosis

72. True or False: Patients with acute ischemic stroke and restricted mobility should receive pharmacologic VTE prophylaxis. a) True b) False

a) True

73. True or False: For diagnosis of cluster headache, patient clinical history is more important than biomarker findings. a) True b) False

a) True

74. True or False: In cluster headache patients, extended remission periods have been found to delay diagnosis. a) True b) False

a) True

75. True or False: A patient must average at least 6 hours of sleep per night over two weeks before a narcolepsy diagnosis can be considered. a) True b) False

a) True

76. Myelin is produced by: a) oligodendrocytes in the CNS and Schwann cells in the PNS b) Schwann cells in the CNS and oligodendrocytes in the PNS c) oligodendrocytes in both CNS and PNS d) Schwann cells in both CNS and PNS

a) oligodendrocytes in the CNS and Schwann cells in the PNS

77. 55-year-old with painful diabetic neuropathy. Drug of first choice: a) amitriptyline b) codeine c) gabapentin d) morphine e) paracetamol

c) gabapentin

78. In a large population study, type 2 diabetes most increased the risk for: a) Nonvascular dementia b) Alzheimer dementia c) Vascular dementia

c) Vascular dementia

79. What is a common neurotransmitter? a) Acetylcholine b) GABA c) Serotonin d) All of the above

d) All of the above

80. Dopamine neuron death in the brain results in which disease? a) Multiple sclerosis b) Seizure disorder c) Parkinson disease d) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

c) Parkinson disease

81. Patient with drooping and inability to move lower face. Lesion location: a) Trigeminal nerve b) Cerebral cortex c) Olfactory nerve d) Substantia nigra

b) Cerebral cortex

82. 60-year-old, slams feet hard while walking, sways/falls with eyes closed feet together. Likely lesion: a) Spinothalamic tract in spinal cord b) Trigeminal nucleus in brainstem c) Posterior columns in spinal cord d) Lingula of occipital lobe

c) Posterior columns in spinal cord

83. 40-year-old, sudden confusion, fluent nonsensical speech ("Tuesday is a great day to chop the purple lettuce"). Lesion location among options given: a) Posterior pituitary b) Hypothalamus c) Anterior pituitary d) Thalamus

d) Thalamus

84. 70-year-old, loss of motor function left leg and urinary incontinence. Expected lesion location: a) Right precentral gyrus b) Left precentral gyrus c) Right paracentral lobule d) Left cingulate cortex

c) Right paracentral lobule

85. 70-year-old with Parkinson's disease. What chemical substance is lacking? a) Acetylcholine b) Dopamine c) Vasopressin d) Testosterone

b) Dopamine

86. Developmental failure of mesencephalon would result in loss of: a) Hypoglossal nuclei b) Dorsal motor nuclei of X c) Dorsal motor nuclei of X d) Oculomotor nuclei

d) Oculomotor nuclei

An 18-year-old male presented to the Emergency Room bleeding profusely from a deep cut in the left occipital triangle of his neck and undergoes emergency surgery to repair hisinternal jugular vein. He survives his injury but he is found on neurological examination to have left-sided weakness in shrugging his shoulder, cannot turn his head to the left against resistance, has a flat left soft palatal arch, and lacks a gag reflex on the left side. What additional clinical sign would be expected in this patient? a. Gustatory sweating over the left gland b. Dry mouth c. Ptosis on the Left side d. Dry eye on the left side

b. Dry mouth

88. Innervation to the parotid gland is provided by which cranial nerve? a) CN X b) CN IX c) CN XI d) CN VII

b) CN IX

89. 32-year-old, hoarseness, dysphagia, restricted tongue movement after open heart surgery. Cranial nerves involved: a) CN IX and X b) CN IX, X, XII c) CN V, IX, X d) CN XII

b) CN IX, X, XII

90. Fine-diameter dorsal root axons of L5 on one side terminate in the: a) marginal layer of ipsilateral dorsal horn b) ipsilateral substantia gelatinosa c) ipsilateral lamina V of dorsal horn d) ipsilateral dorsal nucleus (of Clarke)

a) marginal layer of ipsilateral dorsal horn, b) ipsilateral substantia gelatinosa c) ipsilateral lamina V of dorsal horn

91. A sign of upper-motor-neuron lesion in the spinal cord is: a) severe muscle atrophy b) hyperactive deep tendon reflexes c) flaccid paralysis d) absence of pathologic reflexes e) absence of withdrawal responses

b) hyperactive deep tendon reflexes

92. The dorsal nucleus (of Clarke) in the spinal cord: a) receives contralateral input from dorsal root ganglia b) terminates at the L2 segment c) terminates in the midbrain d) terminates in the ipsilateral cerebellum e) receives fibers from the external cuneate nucleus

d) terminates in the ipsilateral cerebellum

93. 47-year-old, abrupt left headache and double vision, partial left ptosis, impaired elevation/adduction of left eye, impaired depression when abducted, left pupil larger. Most likely diagnosis: a) brainstem stroke b) cluster headache c) myasthenia gravis d) ophthalmoplegic migraine e) posterior communicating artery aneurysm

e) posterior communicating artery aneurysm

94. 67-year-old woman, 2-hr history left-sided face/arm/leg weakness, fully conscious, mildly slurred speech, BP 130/80, CT head unremarkable. Most appropriate treatment: a) alteplase b) aspirin c) heparin d) tinzaparin e) warfarin

a) alteplase

95. 35-year-old man, recurrent severe headaches ~40 min each, 2-3/day for a week, wakes him at night, centered left eye with conjunctival injection/lacrimation/nasal discharge, partial left ptosis, smaller left pupil. Most likely diagnosis: a) carotid artery dissection b) cluster headache c) medication misuse headache d) migraine e) posterior communicating artery aneurysm

b) cluster headache

96. 27-year-old woman, zigzag shapes in left visual field spreading over 15 min, resulting in complete left homonymous hemianopia resolving over another 15 min. Most likely diagnosis: a) hypoglycemia b) migraine aura c) occipital epilepsy d) optic neuritis e) transient ischemic attack

b) migraine aura

97. 59-year-old with alcoholism/malnutrition, acute confusion worsened after IV fluids, bilateral CN VI palsies, nystagmus, ataxia. Most likely diagnosis: a) alcohol withdrawal syndrome b) brainstem encephalitis c) posterior circulation stroke d) posterior fossa tumor e) Wernicke's encephalopathy

e) Wernicke's encephalopathy

98. The lateral column of the spinal cord contains the: a) lateral corticospinal tract b) direct corticospinal tract c) Lissauer's tract d) gracile tract

a) lateral corticospinal tract

99. Patient with unsteadiness, marked diminution of position/vibration/stereognosis all extremities, unable to stand with eyes closed, no other findings. Lesion most likely involves: a) lateral columns of spinal cord bilaterally b) inferior cerebellar peduncles bilaterally c) dorsal columns of spinal cord bilaterally d) spinothalamic tracts bilaterally e) corticospinal tracts

c) dorsal columns of spinal cord bilaterally

100. Which are clinical signs of an upper motor neuron problem (select all that apply)? a) Fasciculations b) Reduced tone c) Incised tone d) Diminished reflexes e) Brisk reflexes f) Positive Babinski's sign

c) Incised tone, e) Brisk reflexes, f) Positive Babinski's sign