Chapter 16-Torres

1. What is America's most revered national icon? (632)

3. Why was the spread of electricity essential to industrial and urban growth? (637)

3. Why was the spread of electricity essential to industrial and urban growth? (637)

It provided a more reliable and flexible source of power than water or steam

5. What is a horizontally integrated company? (639/640)

Buying out competing oil refineries

6. What is the definition of a "robber baron" and a "captain of industry"? (641)

RB- who wielded power w/o any accountability in an unregulated marketplace CoI- whose energy and vision pushed the economy forward

7. What was a major concern about working in factories? (641)

Safety hazards ? (Freedoms?)

8. Why were employers generally not worried about workers going on strike? (641/642)

They found it easy to call on the unemployed to take the strikers jobs and to bring in public and private police forces to intimidate workers

9. According to Frederick Jackson Turner, what three qualities of American culture were formed in the West? (643)

Individual freedom, political democracy, and economic mobility

10. What were the two main crops grown in the Middle Border States? (645) (POHOVICH ONLY. NOT CAIN)

Wheat and corn

30. What was the purpose of the Knights of Labor? (666/667)

To change the social conditions of 1880s labor.

31. What is socialism? (669)

The belief that private control of economic enterprises should be replaced by government ownership to ensure a fairer distribution

2. How does America greatly change from 1870-1920? (634)

2. How does America greatly change from 1870-1920? (634)

Almost 11 mil Americans moved from farm to city and another 25 mil immigrants arrived from overseas

4. What is a vertical integrated company? (639)

One controlled every phase of the business from raw materials to transportation, manufacturing, and distribution

11. Why was farming in the Great Plains difficult? (645)

poisonous rattlesnakes that lived in the tall prairie grass and the blizzards and droughts that periodically afflicted the region

12. What type of laborers did farm corporations rely on? (647)

Irrigation, chemicals, and machinery

13. What causes the end of long distance cattle drives? (647)

farmers enclosed more and more of the open range with barbed-wire fences, making it difficult to graze cattle on the grasslands of the Great Plains,

14. Instead of fighting the Indians, how did Americans destroy the Indians? (649)

army campaigns and the depredations of hunters seeking buffalo hides that rendered the vast herds all but extinct.

15. What did Chief Joseph want for the Nez Perce and other tribes? (651/652)

His people's right to return to their beloved Oregon homeland.

16. Between 1865 and 1890, what happened to the size of the United States? (652)

eight new western states entered the Union (Nebraska, Colorado, North and South Dakota, Montana, Washington, Idaho, and Wyoming).

17. What was the Native American idea of freedom? (653)

preserving their cultural and political autonomy and control of ancestral lands

18. What was the purpose of Indian Boarding Schools? (654)

Indian children, removed from the "negative" influences of their parents and tribes, were dressed in non Indian clothes, given new names, and educated in white ways.

19. What did the Dawes Act do? (654/655)

Indian lands are divided into small family plots, and the rest is sold off

20. When were all Indians made U.S. citizens? (655)

1924

21. What is the definition of the "Gilded Age" ? (656)

The glittering surface covers a core of little real value and is therefore deceptive

22. How were political bosses, like Boss Tweed of New York, able to gain power? (656/657)

He forged close ties with railroad men and labor unions, and he won support from the city's immigrant poor by fashioning a kind of private welfare system that provided food, fuel, and jobs in hard times

23. What happened in the Credit Mobilier scandal ?

Essentially, it enabled the participants to sign contracts with themselves, at an exorbitant profit, to build the new line.

24. What happened in the Whiskey Ring scandal? (POHOVICH ONLY. NOT CAIN) (658)

United Republican officials, tax collectors, and whiskey manufacturers in a massive scheme that defrauded the federal government of millions of tax dollars.

25. What was purpose of the Civil Service Act? (659)

Establishing a professional civil service and removing officeholding from the hands of political machines.

26. What precedent was set by the Interstate Commerce Commission and the Sherman Anti- Trust Act? (659/660)

The national government could regulate the economy to promote the public good.

27. What was the purpose of the Grange? (600)

Moved to establish cooperatives for storing and marketing farm output in the hope of forcing the carries to take their produce at a fair price.

28. What is Social Darwinism? (662/664)

Evolution was as natural a process in human society as in nature and the government must not interfere.

29. What precedent was established in the Great Railroad Strike of 1877? (666)

Henceforth, national power would be used not to protect beleaguered former slaves, but to guarantee the rights of property.

32. What was the Social Gospel Movement? (670)

In the different writings of religious men they insisted that freedom and spiritual self-development required an equalization of wealth and power.

33. After the Haymarket Square incident, how was the labor movement viewed? (671)

As a dangerous and un-American force prone to violence and controlled by foreign-born radicals