Module 02 - Water and Water Supply System

Surface Tension

Liquids' ability to stick to itself and support objects heavier than itself.

Capillarity

Water's ability to climb up a surface in defiance of gravity.

Hydrosphere

Earth's water component in various forms like oceans, rivers, and groundwater.

Groundwater Preservation

Protecting accessible water sources from contamination and depletion.

Water Cycle

Continual change of water between liquid, solid, and gas forms through physical processes.

Heat Capacity

Water's ability to absorb heat without significant temperature increase.

Dissolving Ability

Water's capability to dissolve nearly any substance, making it a universal solvent.

Natural Water

Impure water from nature containing physical, chemical, or bacteriological impurities.

Purified Water

Water treated physically, biologically, or chemically to enhance quality.

Contaminated Water

Water with substances affecting quality and individual health.

Polluted Water

Water with foreign substances degrading quality and posing health hazards.

Hard Water

Water with calcium, magnesium, iron, and aluminum causing hardness and scale deposits.

Soft Water

Water lacking calcium and magnesium, preventing scale formation in pipes.

Grey Water

Waste water from laundries, sinks, and showers.

Black Water

Water mixed with human waste from toilets and urinals.

Storm Water

Rainwater and surface runoff.

Uses of Water

Water's diverse applications including sustenance, hygiene, transportation, and aesthetics.

Cleansing and Hygiene

Water's role in dissolving waste and maintaining comfortable bathing temperatures.

Ceremonial Uses

Water's symbolic significance in religious and aesthetic practices.

Transportation Uses

Historical use of waterways for transporting goods and passengers.

Cooling Medium

Water's cooling properties through heat absorption and evaporation.

Aesthetic Element

Water's landscaping applications like reflectivity, sound generation, and plant support.

Protective Uses

Water's importance in fire prevention and safety measures.

Recreational Uses

Water-based leisure activities like swimming, boating, and fishing.

Therapeutic Application

Water's healing properties in medical treatments and rehabilitation.

Alkalinity

Caused by carbonate, bicarbonate, or hydroxide components in water.

Hardness

Inhibits soap action, deposits scales, and is relative in water quality.

Turbidity

Caused by suspended materials like clay, silt, or plankton in water.

Color

Caused by calcium and magnesium salts, classified as temporary or permanent.

Toxic Substances

Often caused by dissolved organic matter like decaying vegetation.

Chlorides

Enter water from geological deposits or pollution, need chemical analysis for treatment.

Copper

Enters water through natural deposits or corrosive copper piping.

Iron

Frequently present in groundwater, contributes to iron deposits in water.

Manganese

Can produce a psychological threat, found in water from mining activities.

Nitrates

At high levels, poses a threat to infants causing blue baby syndrome.

Pesticides

Common in wells near homes treated for termites, pose a threat to water supplies.

Sodium

Primarily poses a threat to individuals with heart, kidney, or circulatory ailments.

Sulfates

Possess laxative effects, enter groundwater through natural salt deposits.

Zinc

Enters groundwater in areas of abundance, can induce an undesirable taste at high concentrations.

Bacteria

Primarily E. coli bacteria pose a threat to health in water.

Protozoa

Microorganisms that may contaminate water sources.

Viruses

Pose a threat to water quality, constructed with hand or power tools.