Neurology I (PST 411) - Neurorehabilitation and Motor Control

A comprehensive set of practice flashcards covering neurology basics, UMN/LMN lesions, PNF techniques, Brunnström recovery stages, and motor control theories.

The three layers of covering that protect the brain and spinal cord are known as the __________.

meninges

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is produced by the __________ in the 4th ventricle and serves as a shock absorber.

choroid plexus

In the adult, the spinal cord terminates between the inferior border of __________ and the superior border of __________.

$L1$; $L2$

The __________ tract, or corticospinal tract, is a descending pathway associated with Upper Motor Neurons.

pyramidal

The presence of a __________ reflex (Babinski sign) is a classic sign of an Upper Motor Neuron Lesion (UMNL).

plantar

A Lower Motor Neuron Lesion (LMNL) is characterized by weakness paired with extensive __________ and flaccidity.

muscle atrophy

__________ involve rapid, involuntary muscle contractions often seen in patients with Lower Motor Neuron Lesions.

Fasciculations

PNF techniques are designed to hasten the response of the neuromuscular mechanism by stimulating __________.

proprioceptors

The PNF grip used to provide tactile stimulation without restricting movement is the __________ grip.

lumbrical

The PNF principle of __________ dictates that distal movements should occur before proximal movements.

Timing

The PNF technique __________ involves a strong isometric contraction of the agonist at the point of limited range of motion followed by passive movement into the new range.

Hold-relax

__________ is an agonistic PNF technique that progresses from passive movement to assistive, then resistive, and finally active movement.

Rhythmic initiation

The __________ approach is a neurorehabilitation method specifically designed for stroke patients that utilizes natural synergetic patterns.

Brunnström Technique

Stage $1$ of the Brunnström sequence of motor recovery is characterized by __________.

Flaccidity

The __________ Theory of Motor Control, proposed by Sir Charles Sherrington, suggests that external stimuli lead to responses that become the stimuli for subsequent movements.

Reflex

According to Motor Programming Theory, __________ are spinal motor programs that produce movement without cortical or sensory input.

central pattern generators (CPGs)

__________ refers to the brain's ability to remodel or reorganize itself throughout the lifespan in response to stimuli or injury.

Neuroplasticity

The process by which new neurons are generated from neural stem cells is called __________.

neurogenesis

In neurodynamics, tissues that are anatomically adjacent to the nervous system and move independently of it are called the __________.

Mechanical Interface (MI)

The process where the initial effects of a drug or exercise are either enhanced (sensitization) or attenuated (counteradaptation) is known as __________.

Neuroadaptation