Colonization and Revolution: Spanish Colonial Rule and the Philippine Revolution

Vocabulary flashcards covering key historical figures, events, and concepts from the Spanish arrival through the Philippine Revolution based on GE2409 Handout 1A.

Ferdinand Magellan

A Portuguese explorer sailing under the Spanish flag who arrived in the Philippines in 1521, becoming the first European to set foot on the islands.

Battle of Mactan

A conflict in which Ferdinand Magellan was killed by local chieftain Lapu-Lapu and his warriors after Magellan attempted to convert native populations and assert Spanish dominance.

Miguel López de Legazpi

A Spanish explorer who established the first permanent Spanish settlement in Cebu in 1565.

Encomienda System

A colonial system implemented by Spain that granted settlers the right to collect tribute from local populations in exchange for providing protection and religious instruction.

Mestizos

People of mixed Spanish and Filipino ancestry who held higher social status alongside Spanish settlers in the colonial social hierarchy.

Galleon Trade

A colonial trade network operating between Manila and Acapulco that connected the Philippines with Mexico and other parts of the world.

Dagohoy Rebellion

A long-standing uprising from 1744 to 1829 that demonstrated Filipino resistance against Spanish colonial abuses regarding land, taxation, and forced labor.

Folk Catholicism

A syncretic religion formed by blending Catholicism with precolonial indigenous beliefs, characterized by practices such as using anting-anting (amulets).

Gomburza

Fathers Mariano Gómez, José Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora, who were executed on February 17, 1872, for alleged involvement in the Cavite Mutiny, inspiring Filipino nationalism.

Propaganda Movement

A movement initiated in the 1880s by educated Filipinos seeking peaceful political and social reforms through journalism, education, and political engagement.

Ilustrados

Educated Filipinos who led the Propaganda Movement and advocated for peaceful reforms and equality before the law.

Graciano López Jaena

A journalist and orator who founded the newspaper La Solidaridad in 1889 to serve as the main platform for the Propaganda Movement.

La Solidaridad

A reformist newspaper created in 1889 that served as the principal platform for advocating Filipino rights and political representation.

Marcelo H. del Pilar

A prominent journalist, editor of Diariong Tagalog (1882), and successor to Graciano López Jaena as editor of La Solidaridad in 1890.

José Rizal

A key figure in the Propaganda Movement and author of Noli Me Tangere (1887) and El Filibusterismo (1891) who established La Liga Filipina in 1892.

La Liga Filipina

A reformist organization founded by José Rizal in 1892 to unite Filipinos in demanding peaceful reforms from Spain.

Andres Bonifacio

The Father of the Philippine Revolution who founded the Katipunan in 1892 to seek independence through armed struggle.

Katipunan

A secret revolutionary society (full name: Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan) founded in 1892 with the goal of overthrowing Spanish rule.

Emilio Aguinaldo

A revolutionary general who led Filipino forces against Spain and became the first president of the First Philippine Republic (1899–1901).