chemistry Rate of Reaction

what is meant by the rate of a reaction

how quickly a reaction takes place

how can you measure the volume of gas produced in a reaction

measuring cylinder

what is an equation for calculating rate of reaction

quantity of reactant used/time taken or quantity of product formed/time taken

what is the name for the theory that explains why reactions happen

collision theory

what must particles do for them to react with each other

they must collide with sufficient energy

what leads to a higher rate of reaction

more frequent successful collisions

what is the name given to the smallest amount of energy needed for a reaction to happen

the activation energy

what are the five factors that can change the rate of a reaction

temperature, surface area, catalyst, concentration, pressure

what happens to the rate of any reaction if you increase any of the 5 factors

the rate increases

how do you increase the surface area of a solid

break it up into smaller pieces

how does increasing the temperature change the movement of particles

makes them move faster

how does increasing the pressure change the particles

makes them closer together

how does increasing concentration change the particles

increases the number of particles in a given volume

how do catalysts affect the rate of reaction

they lower the activation energy

what is a reversible reaction

a reaction that can go forwards and backwards

what is the symbol for a reversible reaction

⇌

if a reaction is exothermic in the forward direction, what will it be in the reverse direction

endothermic

when a reaction is at equilibrium how are the rates of the forward and backward reactions related

they are the same

how are the amounts of reactant and product changing at equilibrium

they are not changing

what is meant by a “closed system”

a reaction where no chemicals can escape