Chapter 1: Definition of Sociology

Foundational vocabulary from Chapter 1 regarding the definition of sociology, its word roots, and levels of analysis.

Sociology

The systematic (scientific) study of society, social institutions, and human interaction.

-ology

The word root meaning "the study of," which in sociology requires systematic rigor using the scientific method to collect valid, unbiased data.

Soci-

The word root referring to social life, which is analyzed at both the macro and micro levels.

Macro Sociology

The study of large-scale systems and institutions, such as governments, economies, education, and marriage, that shape whole societies.

Micro Sociology

The study of everyday, face-to-face interactions and localized social norms, such as cultural differences in table manners.

Social "Matrix"

Society acting as an invisible background system of norms, rules, and expectations that subtly guides human interaction.

Macro → Micro Relationship

The process by which overarching social institutions shape personal habits and individual opportunities.

Micro → Macro Relationship

The process by which individual daily interactions reinforce, reshape, or challenge larger social institutions.

Systematic Study

The use of reliable, repeatable methods and critical analysis instead of informal assumptions.

Social Structure

The patterned background "matrix" of norms and institutions that frames social life.

Social Norms

Context-specific rules that guide expected behavior within a culture.