AP Physics 1 Test 3: Uniform Circular Motion

centripetal acceleration

• inward-pointing acceleration of an object moving in a circular path

• formula: v²/r

  • r: radius of the cricle

  • v: velocity

tangential velocity

• formula: 2πr/T

  • T: time

• tangent motion in a circle or arc

• perpendicular to radius

orbital velocity

• formula: sqrt(GM/r)

centripetal force

• inward-pointing force causing an object to move in a circular path

• formula: mv²/r

period

• the time it takes for 1 revolution/cycle

• NOT frequency

universal law of

gravitation

• newton’s

• formula: F_g = GMm/r²

  • r: separation distance from center mass to center mass

• inverse square: 2x the distance —> 4x quieter

universal gravitational constant

• 6.67×10^-11 Nm²/kg²

• constant throughout the universe

differences between G and g

g

• acceleration due to gravity

• 9.81 m/s²

• varies based on different surfaces

G

• refer to the “universal gravitational constant” flash card

kepler’s 1st law of planetary motion

all planet move in an elliptical orbit around the sun

kepler’s 2nd law of planetary motion

a radius vector joining the sun to any planet have equal areas in the equal amount of time

kepler’s 3rd law

(T_A/T_B)²=(r_A/r_B)²