Blood unit

Blood

-Connective tissue

-Composed of cells (rbc, wbc, & platelets) and plasma (water, protein, amino acids)

Blood cells

makes up 45% of blood volume

Plasma

Makes up 55% of blood volume

Erythrocytes

Term for red blood cells

Leukocytes

Term for white blood cells

Thrombocytes

Term for platelets

Red blood cells (RBC)

-made up of proteins called Hemoglobin; contains iron

-transports oxygen

-shaped like concave circular disks

-NO Nuclei

Hematopoiesis

The formation of blood cells; occurs in bone marrow

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Hormone that increases RBC production

Oxyhemoglobin

term to describe when blood has proper amount of oxygen

Deoxyhemoglobin

term to describe blood with lack of oxygen

Veins

What blood travels through to return to the heart

Arteries

What blood travels through to retrieve oxygen from lungs

Capillaries

What blood travels through to deliver oxygen to the tissues

Granulocytes

Type of white blood cell (Leukocyte) that contains granular cytoplasm

Agranulocytes

Type of white blood cell (Leukocyte) that lacks granular cytoplasm

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

Types of granulocytes

monocytes and lymphocytes

Types of Agranulocytes

lymphocytes

Makes up most of the agranular leukocytes (20-25%)

neutrophils

Makes up most of the granular leukocytes (60-70%)

Neutrophils

-nucleus has several lobes

-makes up majority of white blood cells

Eosinophil

-granular leukocytes that attacks parasites in blood

Basophil

-granular leukocytes that produces heparin (a blood thinner)

Monocyte

-agranular leukocyte that has horse-shaped nucleus and can become dendritic cells

Lymphocyte

-agranular leukocyte that produces antibodies to defend the immune system

Platelets

-initiates blood clotting, thickens blood, closes wound

-made up by thrombocytes

transport nutrients, gases, vitamins, and maintain water balance and pH levels

Role of plasma

Albumins

Plasma protein that regulates blood pressure

Globulins

Plasma protein that regulates transport of antibodies

Fibrinogen

Plasma protein that regulates transport of blood clotting

Hemostasis

-process of blood clotting/coagulation

Hemostasis steps

First step in hemostasis

blood vessel spasm serotonin that shrinks the vessel (vessel contracts)

Second step of hemostasis

Platelet plug forms and closes the opening

Third step in hemostasis

Coagulates as fibrin forms over the plug creating a scab

Thrombin

enzyme in blood plasma that causes the clotting by converting fibrinogen to fibrin

Embolus (emboli)

Occurs when a blood clot moves throughout veins (one place to another)

Thrombus

a blood clot attached to the interior wall of an artery or vein

- (abnormal)

splenomegaly

enlargement of the spleen

hypochromia

cells have reduced color (less hemoglobin)

anemia

an inherited disorder that interferes with the blood's ability to carry oxygen

Beta Thalassemia

Blood disorder that reduces the production of hemoglobin

sickle cell anemia

a genetic disorder that causes abnormal hemoglobin, resulting in some red blood cells assuming an abnormal sickle shape

hematocrit

percentage of blood volume occupied by red blood cells

acute

a cancer that progresses quickly

herapin

prevents blood clotting (blood thinner)

Lymphocytic

pertaining to a white cell formed in lymphatic tissue

leukemia

cancer of white blood cells

Dermatographia

immune system releases excess amounts of histamine causing welts to appear when lightly scratched

Cold Urticaria (essentially meaning "cold hives")

is an where hives or large red welts form on the skin after exposure to a cold stimulus

Mononucleosis

refers to an increase in one type of white blood cells (lymphocytes) in the bloodstream

-infection usually caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

the virus that causes AIDS

- Infection occurs from exposure to body fluids, like blood or semen

- weakens the immune system by infecting specific immune cells

AIDS

acquired immune deficiency syndrome

Hemophilia

A hereditary disease where blood does not coagulate to stop bleeding

"bleeder's disease"

erythroblastosis fetalis

antigens produced by the fetus can generate antibodies in the mother. If you are Rh neg, and the father of the baby is Rh pos, then this could be a problem

Blood type AB

"universal acceptor" blood type

Blood type O

(blood type) Can donate to A, B, AB, O (universal donor)

- no antigen