Global History & Geography II Regents — Cram Study Guide (Detailed Version)

Flashcards for Global History & Geography II Regents Cram Study Guide

Enlightenment (1700s)

Use reason, logic, science, not religion or monarchy; inspired French, American, and Latin American revolutions.

John Locke

Natural rights (life, liberty, property).

Montesquieu

Separation of powers (3 branches).

Voltaire

Freedom of speech & religion.

Causes of the French Revolution (1789–1799)

Inequality, unfair taxes, bad harvests, Enlightenment ideas.

Key events of the French Revolution

Storming of the Bastille, Reign of Terror (Robespierre).

Effects of the French Revolution

End of monarchy, rise of Napoleon, spread of nationalism.

Inspiration for Latin American Revolutions (1800s)

Enlightenment & French Revolution.

Effects of Latin American Revolutions

Independence from Spain/France, rise of nationalism, struggles with stability.

Start of the Industrial Revolution (1750–1900)

Started in Britain (coal, iron, rivers, capital).

Changes during the Industrial Revolution

Factories, machines, urbanization.

Problems during the Industrial Revolution

Poor working conditions, child labor, pollution.

Labor unions, reforms, socialism ideas.

Started in Britain (coal, iron, rivers, capital).

Definition of Imperialism (1800s–early 1900s)

Strong countries take over weaker ones.

Causes of Imperialism

Need for raw materials, racism ("White Man's Burden"), nationalism.

Events during Imperialism

Scramble for Africa (Berlin Conference), Sepoy Rebellion (India), Boxer Rebellion (China).

Effects of Imperialism

Loss of culture, rebellion, modernization in some areas.

Causes of World War I (1914–1918)

Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism (M.A.I.N.).

Spark of World War I

Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

Warfare in World War I

Trench warfare, new weapons.

End of World War I

Treaty of Versailles (blamed Germany).

Causes of the Russian Revolution (1917)

WWI, famine, inequality.

Leaders of the Russian Revolution

Lenin & Bolsheviks.

Slogan of the Russian Revolution

"Peace, Land, Bread".

Effects of the Russian Revolution

Communism, creation of Soviet Union.

Dictators during Totalitarianism (1920s–40s)

Stalin (USSR), Hitler (Germany), Mussolini (Italy).

Features of Totalitarianism

Censorship, propaganda, one-party rule, secret police.

Stalin's Actions during Totalitarianism

5-Year Plans, collectivization, Great Purge.

Hitler's Actions during Totalitarianism

Nazi ideology, anti-Semitism, Holocaust.

Causes of World War II (1939–1945)

Treaty of Versailles, Hitler’s aggression, appeasement.

Events of World War II

Invasion of Poland, Pearl Harbor, D-Day, atomic bombs.

Holocaust

Genocide of 6 million Jews.

Effects of World War II

Creation of United Nations, Cold War begins.

Cold War (1945–1991)

U.S. vs USSR: Democracy vs Communism.

Key terms of the Cold War

Iron Curtain, arms race, space race.

Events during the Cold War

Berlin Wall, Cuban Missile Crisis, Korean War, Vietnam War.

End of the Cold War

USSR collapses in 1991.

Decolonization in India

Gandhi (nonviolence, independence from Britain).

Decolonization in Africa

Kwame Nkrumah (Ghana), Jomo Kenyatta (Kenya).

Decolonization in SE Asia

Ho Chi Minh (Vietnam).

Effects of Decolonization

New nations, ethnic tension, poverty, dictatorships.

Holocaust

Germany

Rwanda

Tutsis vs Hutus

Bosnia

Ethnic cleansing

Cambodia

Khmer Rouge, Pol Pot

Tiananmen Square

China protests crushed

South Africa

Apartheid – Mandela ends it

Globalization (2000s+)

World connected through trade, tech, internet.

Effects of Globalization

Outsourcing, spread of ideas, environmental issues.

Groups during Globalization

NAFTA, WTO, EU, UN — cooperation & economy.

Green Revolution

More food with chemicals, GMOs.

Climate change

Caused by industrialization.

Environmental issues

Deforestation, water scarcity, rising seas.

Capitalism

Private businesses, free market.

Socialism

Gov helps provide services.

Communism (Karl Marx)

Classless society, gov controls production.

Command Economy

Gov makes all decisions (e.g., USSR).