[TEST] Environmental Infection prevention and control in oral heatlhcare setting

In healthcare settings, pathogenic organisms are least likely to be detected __________.

A. in air

B. in water

C. on fomites

D. under dry conditions

Which is NOT a requisite for the transmission of pathogenic organisms from an environmental source to people?

A. There must be a source of infectious agents, i.e., contaminated air, water or fomites.

B. There must be a susceptible host exposed to an adequate number of sufficiently virulent microorganisms.

C. There must be a mechanism to transfer or mode of transmission of pathogens from the source to the host.

D. There must be an absolute lymphocyte count of ≤ 500 cells/mL to have a risk of HAIs.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of droplets. Droplets __________.

A. are particles of moisture greater than 5µ

B. can contain infectious pathogens

C. can be transported beyond 3 feet of the source

D. are instrumental in spreading the influenza virus

Which inaccurately describes the risk of laser plumes, surgical smoke, and aerosolized allergens?

A. Lasers and electrosurgical units release laser plumes or surgical smoke containing gases, tissue debris, and aerosolized infectious agents.

B. The presence of pathogens in laser plumes or surgical smoke will predictably cause disease.

C. Exposure to aerosolized allergens can cause urticaria, asthma, allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, angioedema, and rarely anaphylaxis.

D. The FDA banned all powdered surgeon’s gloves because of unreasonable and substantial risk of allergic reactions.

Typically, which of the following areas in healthcare settings is not equipped with special ventilation?

A. Operating rooms.

B. Protective environment rooms.

C. Airborne infection isolation rooms.

D. Community-based oral healthcare facilities.

Which of the following modes are likely to serve as a vehicle for the transmission for Legionella spp. from a contaminated water source?

A. Ingestion of water.

B. Aspiration of water or inhalation of aerosols.

C. Direct contact with water.

D. Indirect-contact transmission (e.g., from an improperly reprocessed device).

Which measure is ineffective at preventing the spread of waterborne pathogens?

A. A long run of pipe from the water main.

B. Hand hygiene and glove use.

C. Barrier precautions.

D. Minimizing contamination at point-of-use fixtures.

The presence of biofilms of waterborne bacteria (e.g., Legionella spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) in dental unit waterlines has been confirmed.

A. True

B. False

Which procedure should be avoided during a boil-water advisory?

A. Use bottled water for patient rinsing

B. Use an alcohol-based handrub for visibly soiled hands

C. Do not deliver water to the patient from the public water system

D. Refrain from using the public water system for handwashing

Which point-of-use device is ineffective in ensuring water quality when performing oral surgical procedures with the delivery of sterile irrigating fluid?

A. Bulb syringe.

B. Single-use disposable products.

C. Air-water syringe.

D. Sterilizable tubing.

An essential first step to ensure the success of the disinfection process on fomites is the physical action of scrubbing with a detergent and rising with water.

A. True

B. False

Which statement is not a characteristic of intermediate-level disinfectants?

A. Regulated exclusively by the FDA

B. Inactivate Mycobacterium tuberculosis

C. Except for sodium hypochlorite, have no demonstrable sporicidal activity

D. Are labeled as “tuberculocidal hospital disinfectants”

If barriers are not used, first clean the surface then disinfect with an EPA-Listed product that qualifies under EPA’s emerging viral pathogens program for use against SARS CoV 2.

A. True

B. False

Which procedure is incorrect with respect to housekeeping surfaces?

A. Extraordinary cleaning and decontamination of floors in healthcare settings is warranted.

B. Cleaning the walls, blinds, and window curtains is recommended when they are visibly soiled.

C. Housekeeping surfaces need to be cleaned only with soap and water, alternatively, a detergent/disinfectant may be used.

D. The methods, thoroughness, and frequency of cleaning housekeeping surfaces and the products used are determined by healthcare facility policy.

Which product choice would meet OSHA regulations to address a spill of blood and OPIM?

Remove visible organic matter with absorbent material such as disposable paper towels; discard it into a leak-proof properly labeled container; and then, disinfect the area with __________.

A. an EPA-List B, D or E level disinfectant

B. household bleach, 1:10 v/v dilution

C. antimicrobial detergent and water

D. a high-level glutaraldehyde disinfectant

Which statement is inaccurate in reference to carpeting and cloth furnishings in clinical setting?

A. Carpeting and cloth furnishings harbor a diverse microbial population and allergens and should be vacuumed regularly.

B. Despite evidence of microbial growth and persistence, there is little evidence that carpets and cloth furnishings influence the rate of HAIs.

C. There are specific recommendations against the use of carpeting and cloth furnishings in general patient-care areas.

D. Avoiding carpeting and cloth furnishings in areas where spills are likely to occur is prudent.

Which statement inaccurately describes the handling of contaminated laundry?

A. OSHA defines contaminated laundry as "laundry which has been soiled with blood or OPIM."

B. Healthcare-associated infections linked to contaminated fabrics are so few that the overall risk of disease transmission during the laundry process is negligible.

C. OSHA regulations prohibit home laundering of uniforms and scrubs that are not contaminated with blood and OPIM.

D. In response to the recent SARS CoV 2 virus pandemic, the ADA recommends office attire, such as scrubs, not be worn home.

Which statement is incorrect with reference to disposable (i.e., single use) surgical gowns, drapes?

A. They must be resistant to liquids and microbial penetration.

B. They must be registered with the FDA to demonstrate their safety and effectiveness.

C. The CDC offers specific recommendations regarding the use of disposable fabrics and textiles versus durable goods.

D. Gown performance can be influenced by repellency, fabric pore size, item's design and construction.

Which statement is incorrect related to solid waste generated in oral healthcare settings?

A. Solid waste generated in oral healthcare settings is a subset of municipal solid waste.

B. Standard methods of collecting, storing, transporting, and disposing of municipal solid wastes are regulated by state or local jurisdictions.

C. Municipal solid waste regulations often include mandatory requirements for recycling certain materials.

D. Most solid waste generated in oral healthcare settings is hazardous solid waste.

Which statement inaccurately describes waste management and hazard communication compliance?

A. Regulated medical waste is a subset of hazardous solid waste.

B. The federal OSHA and its counterpart state agencies are responsible for developing and enforcing rules related to regulated medical waste.

C. Universal waste includes chemical agents used or generated in the workplace, which pose a hazard to human health or to the environment when handled improperly.

D. The federal OSHA and its counterpart state agencies are responsible for developing and enforcing rules for hazardous chemicals as they relate to workers’ health and safety.