Chapter 1-3 Flashcards (Intro, Research, and Careers)

Vocabulary flashcards covering introductory concepts in Exercise Science, historical developments, research methodologies, ethics board guidelines, professional credentialing types, and health career prerequisites and statistics.

Exercise Science

The study of physical activity, exercise, sport, and athletic performance with emphasis on physical movement and functional, physiological, behavioral, structural, and psychological adaptations.

Exercise Physiology

The exercise science subdiscipline that studies the physiological responses of the whole body or specific systems to physical activity, exercise, sport, and athletic competition.

Clinical Exercise Physiology

The subdiscipline using movement, physical activity, and exercise in the identification, prevention, and rehabilitation of acute and chronic disease conditions.

Clinical and Sport Biomechanics

The study of mechanical aspects of movement in disease and injury conditions, physical activity, exercise, sport, and athletic performance.

Millsaps HESC Major Requirements

A degree program requiring $44$ total credit hours, consisting of $6$ required courses ($24$ credit hours), $4$ electives ($16$ credit hours), an internship ($180$ contact hours for $4$ credit hours), and a comprehensive exam.

Hippocrates

Known as the Father of Medicine, an early Greek figure who researched physical activity and prescribed exercise for health.

Cooper Clinic Study (1989)

A study by Blair demonstrating that engaging in moderate physical activity decreased the risk of death by $58\%$.

American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM)

A professional organization established in $1954$ as a unique blend of physical education, medicine, and physiology to advance exercise science and public health.

Basic Research

Pure or fundamental benchtop research aimed at discovering new knowledge without immediate concern for practical application.

Applied Research

Research designed to solve practical problems by testing theoretical concepts in real-world situations.

Translational Research

A form of applied research that moves basic research discoveries into clinical practice (bench-to-bedside), such as through clinical trials.

Independent Variable

The specific variable in a study that is directly manipulated by the researcher.

Dependent Variable

The variable measured by the researcher to determine the effect of manipulating the independent variable.

Institutional Review Board (IRB)

An institutional committee that reviews and approves all research involving human subjects using the Belmont Report ethical principles.

Belmont Report

An ethical framework for human subject research that establishes three core principles: Respect for Persons, Beneficence, and Justice.

Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC)

An institutional board responsible for reviewing and approving all research involving vertebrate non-human animal subjects.

The 3 R's of Animal Research

Ethical principles governing animal research consisting of Reduce (number of animals), Refine (tests to cause less stress), and Replace (animal studies with alternative methods).

Credentialing

The process of providing documentation demonstrating that an individual has achieved a standard level of knowledge, skills, or abilities.

Certification

A voluntary credentialing process where an individual passes an exam testing knowledge against predetermined professional standards.

Licensure

State-regulated legal authorization allowing an individual to practice a profession after completing an accredited curriculum and passing a licensure exam.

Physical Therapist (PT)

A licensed healthcare professional who helps ill or injured patients recover, with a $2023$ median pay of $\$99,710$ and a projected $2022\text{--}2032$ job growth of $15\%$.

Physician Assistant (PA)

A licensed healthcare provider who examines, diagnoses, and treats patients under physician supervision, earning a $2023$ median pay of $\$130,020$ with a projected growth rate of $27\%$.

Athletic Trainer (ATC)

A certified healthcare professional involved in preventing, treating, and rehabilitating injuries in physically active individuals and athletes, earning a $2023$ median pay of $\$57,930$.

Clinical Exercise Physiologist (CEP)

A certified healthcare professional who develops exercise programs for patients with chronic diseases, requiring at least a bachelor's degree and earning a $2023$ median pay of $\$54,860$.

Certified Strength and Conditioning Specialist (CSCS)

An NSCA credential requiring a bachelor's degree and CPR/AED certification to design exercise programs that improve athletic performance and reduce injuries.

Certified Health Education Specialist (CHES)

A credential administered by NCHEC requiring a bachelor's degree and coursework addressing Eight Areas of Responsibility to promote and protect public health.