Lymphatic ch22

What are the main functions of the lymphatic system?

Drain interstitial fluid, transport dietary fats, and carry out immune responses.

What is immunology?

The study of the body’s defense against infection.

What are the two types of immunity?

Nonspecific (innate) immunity and adaptive (specific) immunity.

What do primary lymphatic organs include?

Red bone marrow and thymus.

What triggers the phagocytosis process?

Chemotaxis, adherence, ingestion, digestion, and killing.

What is the role of NK cells in innate immunity?

They provide cytotoxic activity against viral and tumor cells.

What are the two types of antigen processing?

Exogenous antigen processing and endogenous antigen processing.

How do T cells recognize antigens?

Through T cell receptors (TCRs) that bind to specific antigens presented by MHC molecules.

What are the stages of inflammation in innate immunity?

Vasodilation, microvascular permeability increase, and phagocyte emigration.

What is the difference between primary and secondary immune responses?

Primary response is the body's first encounter with an antigen; secondary response is faster and stronger upon re-exposure.

What role do memory cells play in the immune system?

They provide a faster response in subsequent exposures to the same pathogen.

What are the functions of antibodies in the immune response?

Neutralization, immobilization, agglutination/precipitation, activation of complement, and opsonization.

What is positive selection in T cell development?

The process where T cells that recognize self-MHC survive.

How does aging affect the immune system?

Increased susceptibility to infections and reduced T cell/B cell response.

What is the complement system responsible for?

Chemotaxis, promoting phagocytosis, cytolysis, and promoting inflammation.

What is psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)?

The study of how the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems interact and influence health.

What triggers a fever in the immune response?

Pyrogens from microbial products or immune system mediators.

What are the key components of the lymphatic system?

Lymph, lymphatic vessels, lymphatic organs, and tissues.

What types of cells are involved in antibody-mediated immunity?

B cells, which produce antibodies against specific antigens.

What happens during negative selection of T cells?

T cells that strongly bind to self-antigens are eliminated to prevent autoimmunity.