Fundamentals of Nursing Review

Fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering key concepts, theories, procedures, and critical values from Fundamentals of Nursing lecture notes.

According to the American Nursing Association (2003), nursing is the protection, promotion and __ of health and abilities.

optimization

Florence Nightingale defined nursing as utilizing the __ of the patient to assist recovery.

environment

Virginia Henderson said the unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, in activities contributing to health or recovery that he would perform unaided if he had the necessary strength, will, or __.

knowledge

Nightingale’s Environmental Theory lists five factors: pure air, pure water, efficient drainage, cleanliness, and __.

light (direct sunlight)

Henderson’s Nature of Nursing Model includes __ Fundamental Needs.

14

Faye Abdellah identified __ nursing problems in her Patient-Centered Approaches model.

21

Dorothy Johnson viewed each person as a behavioral system composed of __ subsystems.

seven

Imogene King’s Goal Attainment Theory describes three interacting systems: individual, interpersonal and __.

social

Madeleine Leininger’s theory emphasizes __ nursing care that varies among cultures.

transcultural (culturally congruent)

Myra Levine proposed four Conservation Principles: energy, structural integrity, personal integrity, and __ integrity.

social

Betty Neuman stated that nursing is concerned with all variables affecting the individual’s response to __.

stress

Dorothea Orem’s __ Compensatory system is for individuals unable to perform any self-care activities.

Wholly

Hildegard Peplau identified four phases of the nurse–patient relationship: orientation, identification, exploitation, and __.

resolution

Martha Rogers described the person as an irreducible, four-dimensional __ field.

energy

Sister Callista Roy’s Adaptation Model has four adaptive modes: physiologic, self-concept, role-function, and __.

interdependence

Lydia Hall’s model includes Care, Core and __.

Cure

Ida Jean Orlando emphasized three elements in the nursing situation: client behavior, nurse reaction, and nurse __.

action

Jean Watson listed __ curative (carative) factors central to Human Caring Theory.

10

Patricia Benner’s Stage I of nursing expertise is called __.

Novice

Benner’s Stage V (highest) level is the __ nurse.

Expert

In communication, the person who encodes and delivers the message is called the __.

sender

The five vital signs traditionally include temperature, pulse, respirations, blood pressure, and __.

pain

The normal adult pulse rate ranges from __ beats per minute.

60-100

Cheyne-Stokes respirations are characterized by very deep to very shallow breathing followed by temporary __.

apnea

Hyperpyrexia is a very high fever at or above __ °C.

41

A blood pressure that falls when a client sits or stands is termed __ hypotension.

orthostatic

The acronym PQRST is used for pain assessment; the "R" stands for __.

radiation (or region)

During bed bath, the water temperature is kept at about __ °F (43–46 °C).

110-115

Stage I pressure ulcer is described as non-blanchable __ of intact skin.

erythema

Nursing documentation must always include the __ and time of each entry.

date

The general sequence of the nursing process is Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, and __.

Evaluation

A nursing diagnostic statement in PES format includes Problem, Etiology, and __.

Signs/Symptoms

Primary prevention aims to encourage optimal health and increase the person’s __ to illness.

resistance

Leavell & Clark’s secondary prevention focuses on early __ and prompt treatment.

diagnosis (detection)

Hans Selye’s first stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome is the stage of __.

alarm

In stress physiology, SAMR stands for __-Adreno-Medullary Response.

Sympatho

An incentive spirometer encourages sustained maximal __.

inspiration

The most common oxygen delivery device for low concentrations is the nasal __.

cannula

The preferred intramuscular injection site for infants under 1 year is the __ lateralis muscle.

vastus

The 10 Rights of medication administration include Right drug, dose, patient, route, time, documentation, approach, to know, to refuse, and right __ history.

drug

Enteric-coated tablets should __ be crushed.

never

For intradermal injections, the needle is inserted at a __ to 15-degree angle with the bevel up.

10

The antidote for heparin overdose is __ sulfate.

protamine

A positive Mantoux test in an immunocompromised (e.g., HIV) client is defined by an induration of at least __ mm.

5

Specific gravity of normal urine ranges from 1.010 to __.

1.025

Post-catheter removal, the nurse expects the client to void within __ hours.

6-8

When moving a stretcher, always push from the end where the client’s __ is positioned.

head

Kubler-Ross’s stage in which the client seeks to avoid loss by negotiation is called __.

bargaining

Non-blanchable redness over a bony prominence indicates Stage __ pressure injury.

I (one)

A client receiving 30 mL/hr IV fluid with a tubing factor of 15 gtt/mL should have __ drops per minute.

7-8 (rounded)

Isolation for pulmonary tuberculosis requires __ precautions.

airborne

Standard Precautions combine Universal Precautions with __ Isolation.

Body Substance

A clean-catch midstream urine specimen is preferred for culture to reduce __ contamination.

perineal

The minimal expected urine output for an adult is about __ mL per hour.

30

After death, stiffening of the body occurring about 2–4 hours post-mortem is called __.

rigor mortis

The normal adult tidal volume during quiet breathing is about __ mL.

500

An adult chest tube collection chamber should be kept __ the level of the client’s chest.

below

The acronym CSMART for goal setting in planning stands for Client-centered, Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, and __ bound.

Time

Informed consent must be obtained __ administering a sedative that could impair cognition.

before

Environmental Theory

Florence Nightingale’s Theory

14 Fundamental Needs

Virginia Henderson’s Theory

21 Nursing Problems

Faye Glenn Abdellah

Behavioral System Model

Dorothy Johnson

Goal Attainment Theory

Imogene King

Transcultural Nursing

Imogene King’s Theory

Four Conservation Principles

Myra Levine

Health Care System Model

Betty Neuman

Self-care Deficit Theory

Dorothea Orem

Interpersonal Relations (Psychodynamic) Model

Hildegard Peplau’s Theory

Science of Unitary Human Being

Martha Rogers

Adaptation Model

Sister Callista Roy

Care, Core, and Cure Model

Lydia Hall

Dynamic Nurse-Patient Relationship

Ida Jean Orlando

Human Caring Theory

Jean Watson’s Theory

Human Becoming Theory

Rosemarie Rizzo Parse’s Theory

Nurse Practitioner

Employed in health care agencies or community-based settings; Deals with non-emergency acute or chronic illness & provide primary ambulatory care

Clinical Nurse Specialist

Has an advanced degree or expertise and is considered to be an expert in a specialized area of practice (gerontology, oncology); Provides direct client care, educates others, conducts research, and manages care

Registered Nurse Anesthetist

Carries out pre-op and post-op visits and assessment; Administers general anesthesia for surgery under the supervision of a physician prepared in anesthesiology and also assesses the postoperative status of clients

Nurse-Midwife

Gives prenatal & postnatal care and manages deliveries in normal pregnancies; May also conduct pap smears, family planning and routine breast exams

Nurse Researcher

Investigates nurse problems to improve nursing care and to refine and expand nursing knowledge

Nurse Administrator

Manages client care, including the delivery of nursing services; Function includes budgeting, staffing, and planning programs

Nurse Educator

Responsible for classroom and clinical teaching

Nurse Entrepreneur

Manages health-related businesses

Novice

An individual with no experience (e.g., student nurse), whose performance is limited, flexible, and governed by context-free rules and regulations rather than experience

Advanced Beginner

An individual who demonstrates marginally acceptable performance, recognizes meaningful ‘aspects’ of a real situation, and experienced enough real situations to make judgments about them

Competent

A nurse who has 2-3 years of experience, demonstrates organizational and planning abilities, differentiates important factors from less important aspects of care, and coordinates multiple complex care demands

Proficient

A nurse who has 3-5 years of experience, who perceives situations as a whole rather than in terms of parts, use maxims as guides for what to consider in a situation, and has holistic understanding of the client, which improves decision making (focuses on long term goals)

Expert

This nurse’s performance is fluid, flexible, and highly proficient. He/she no longer requires rules, guidelines, or maxims to connect an understanding of the situations to appropriate actiosn, and is inclined to take certain action because ‘it felt right’

Dorsal Recumbent

Back lying position with knees flexed and hips externally rotated (examines head and neck, axillae, anterior thorax, lungs, breasts, heart, abdomen, extremities, peripheral pulse, vital signs and vagina)

Supine

Back lying position with legs extended (examines head and neck, axilla, anterior thorax, lungs, breasts, heart, extremities, peripheral pulse)

Sitting

Seated position; back unsupported and leg hanging freely (Head and neck, axillae, anterior and posterior thorax, lungs, breasts, heart, vital signs, upper and lower extremities, reflexes)

Lithotomy

Back lying position with feet supported in stirrups, hips in line with edge of the table (examines female genitals, rectum and female reproductive tract)

Sims

Side lying with lowermost arm behind the body and uppermost leg flexed (examines rectum and

vagina)

Prone

Face-lying position, with or without a small pillow (examines posterior thorax)

last

Right time to palpate the painful quadrant of the abdomen

No

is it allowable to do abdominal palpation among clients with tumor of the liver or kidneys?

flex the knees

During abdominal examination, it is important to to relax the abdominal muscles

RLQ

First in the sequence of examining the abdomen

RUQ

Second in the sequence of examining the abdomen

LUQ

Third in the sequence of examining the abdomen