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Anatomy
The study of internal and external body structures and their physical relationships among other body parts.
Physiology
The study of how living organisms perform their functions.
Gross Anatomy
The study of the structural features of the body without the aid of a microscope.
Microscopic Anatomy
Deals with the structures that we cannot see without magnifications.
Cytology
The study of the internal structures, physiology, and chemistry of cells.
Histology
The study of tissues.
Eponyms
A commemorative name for a structure or clinical condition that was originally named for a real or mythical person.
Embryology
The study of embryonic development, focusing on the first 2 months after fertilization.
Cells
The smallest living structural unit in the human body.
Tissues
A collection of specialized cells and cell products that perform a specific function.
Organs
Combinations of tissues that perform complex functions.
Organ Systems
Groups of organs that function together in a coordinated manner.
Homeostasis
The constant internal environment.
Supine
The face-up position.
Prone
The face-down position.
Mediastinum
The central tissue mass that divides the thoracic cavity into two pleural cavities.
Diaphragm
The muscular partition that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity.
Ventricles
The internal organs of the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.
Acute
A disease of short duration but typically severe.
Chronic
Illness persisting for a long time or constantly recurring.
Etiology
The science and study of the cause of diseases.
Pathophysiology
The functional changes that accompany a particular syndrome or disease.
Atoms
The smallest stable unit of matter.
Organism
An individual life forms.
Superficial anatomy
The study of the general form of the body's surface in relation to its deeper parts.
Anatomical position
The hands are at the sides with the palms facing forward, and the feet are together. A person lying down with the FACE UP - Supine. FACE DOWN - prone.
Abdominopelvic quadrants
A pair of imaginary perpendicular lines that intersect at the umbilicus. (right/left upper quadrant & Right/Left lower quadrant)
Abdominopelvic regions
Provides more precise regional descriptions.
(Right/Left hypochondriac region, Right/left lumbar region, Right/Left inguinal region, Epigastric region,
Umbilical region & Hypogastric/Pubic region)
Anatomical directions
The main directional terms. (Anterior/Ventral - front of body. Posterior / Dorsal - back of the body.)
Transverse| Horizontal plane
Divides the body into superior and inferior portions.
Transverse section
A transverse plane divides the body into superior and inferior portions. A cut in this plane is called a transverse section.
Frontal/ Coronal plane
A vertical plane that divides the body or organ into anterior and posterior portions.
Sagittal plane
A vertical plane that divides the body into left and right portions.
- If the plane lies in the middle, it is called a midsagittal plane.
If the plane is offset from the middle, it is called a parasagittal plane.
Sectional anatomy
The only way to understand the relationship among the parts of a 3-D object is to slice through it and look at the internal organization. A slice is called a section.
Planes and sections
A plane is a 2-D flat surface, and a section is a single view or slice along a plane
Body cavities
The body's trunk is subdivided into 3 major regions established by the body wall: the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic regions
Thoracic cavity
Contains the lungs and heart; associated organs of the respiratory cardiovascular and lymphatic
Pleural cavity
Body cavities of the thoracic region that surround the lungs.
Pericardial cavity
The space between the parietal pericardium and the epicardium (visceral pericardium) that encloses the outer surface of the heart.
Abdominopelvic cavity
The term used to refer to the general region bounded by the abdominal wall and the pelvis; it contains he peritoneal cavity and visceral organs.
Abdominal cavity
Extends from the inferior surface of the diaphragm to the level of the superior margins of the pelvis.
Pelvic cavity
The inferior subdivision of the abdominopelvic cavity; encloses the urinary bladder, the sigmoid colon and rectum, and male or female reproductive organs.
Viscera
Internal organs of the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.
Mediastinum
The central tissue mass that divides the thoracic cavity into two pleural cavities.
Chemotherapy
The treatment of disease or mental disorder using chemical substances, especially the treatment of cancer by cytotoxic and other drugs.
Epidemiology
The branch of science that deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases and other factors relating to health.
Idiopathic:
Denoting any disease or condition of unknown cause.
Morbidity:
The state of being diseased or unhealthy, or the incidence of disease in a population.
Syndrome
A condition characterized by a group of associated symptoms.
