Time Period 2 Cram Sheet Review (1450 - 1750)

Flashcards based on key concepts from the Time Period 2 Cram Sheet covering significant political, economic, cultural, and social developments between 1450 and 1750.

Neo-Confucianism

A philosophical system that combines spiritual aspects of Daoism and Buddhism with the social organization of Confucianism.

Ming Dynasty

A dynasty marked by a large, centralized bureaucracy in China.

Tokugawa Shogunate

A military government in Japan that controlled over 200 feudal states with heavy surveillance of daimyo landlords.

Zamindars

Tax collectors in the Mughal Empire responsible for revenue collection.

Sikhism

A religion that developed as a blend of Hinduism and Islam.

Chinampas

Floating gardens used by the Aztecs for agriculture.

Mit'a system

A system of coerced labor used by the Inca empire.

Columbian Exchange

The exchange of diseases, plants, and animals between the Old World and the New World.

Gunpowder Empires

Empires like the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal that utilized gunpowder weaponry and centralized authority.

Merchantilism

An economic policy aimed at maximizing exports and minimizing imports to increase national wealth.

Joint Stock Companies

Businesses where investors pool resources to fund trade, exemplified by the Dutch and British East India Companies.

Ottoman Janissaries

Elite infantry units that formed the backbone of the Ottoman military.

Hagia Sophia

A monumental architecture in Istanbul, originally a cathedral, later a mosque.

30-Years War

A conflict between Catholic and Protestant states in Europe that resulted in increased nationalism and territorial losses for the Holy Roman Empire.

Printing Press

An invention that facilitated the spread of knowledge and literacy, contributing to the Protestant Reformation and scientific advancements.

Religious Tolerance

Akbar's policy in the Mughal Empire to foster unity among different religious groups.

Castas System

A hierarchical classification based on skin color in colonial Latin America.

Aztec Tribute System

A system of tribute payments to be made by conquered peoples to the Aztec Empire.

African Diaspora

The forced removal and dispersion of Africans through the transatlantic slave trade.

Environmental Exploitation

The detrimental impact on ecosystems caused by European expansion and resource extraction.

Cultural Synthesis

The combination of different cultural beliefs and practices leading to new cultural identities.