Dental Anomalies

Anomaly

a deviation from normal

-usually an absence, excess, or deformity

More anomalies occur in _________________ teeth

Permanent

More anomalies occur in the _____________ arch

maxillary

Anodontia

absence of teeth

True anodontia

no teeth

Commonly missing teeth

maxillary 3rd molars

mandibular 3rd molars

maxillary lateral incisors

mandibular premolars

Tooth agenesis

the tooth did not form

Edentulous

no teeth because lost them from disease

Anodontia vs edentulous

anodontia is the congenital absence of teeth

edentulous means you lost the teeth and therefore don't have them

Is anodontia rare or common?

rare

What is anodontia associated with usually?

other ectodermal (skin/hair) disorders

Supernumerary teeth

extra teeth

Mesiodens

a supernumerary tooth between 8 and 9

Distomolar

an additional tooth in the 3rd molar area

Another name for distomolar

paramolar

Where is a common location for supernumerary teeth in the mandibular arch?

2nd premolars *does not have a specific name

Supernumerary teeth are often

malformed

Malposition

deviations in the position of teeth

Malposition teeth are typically

unerupted or impatcted

Common malpositioned teeth

3rd molars

What is the last anterior permanent tooth to erupt?

canine

What tooth is typically "blocked out" if there is not enough space?

maxillary canine

Transposition

in the wrong place

Example of transposition

a canine and premolar are in each other's place

What is the tooth that is most often rotated?

Maxillary 2nd premolar

Microdontia

Abnormally small teeth

Macrodontia

abnormally large teeth

What teeth are the most variable in shape?

3rd molars

__________ 3rd molars vary more than _____________ 3rd molars

Maxillary, mandibular

What teeth are the 2nd most variable tooth in shape?

Maxillary lateral incisors

Example of malformed maxillary lateral

peg lateral

Peg lateral

A maxillary lateral incisor developed from only one lobe

Gemination

Incomplete division of one tooth during development. Usually share a common root

"Twinning"

Gemination occurs when...

a single bud splits, forming 2 teeth (1 root)

Where is Gemination more common?

Primary dentition

In gemination, are there one or two roots?

1

What is shared in gemination?

a common pulp canal and a root

If you are counting the teeth and you count the normal number (counting the malformed crown as one tooth) what type of malformation is it?

gemination

Fusion appears like you are ______________ one tooth

missing

Fusion

union of two independently developing primary or secondary teeth

Fusion involves...

dentin

Fusion is more common in _____________ dentition

primary

Common location for fusion?

mandibular incisor

Congenital syphillis can lead to

Hutchinson's incisors and Mulberry molars

Hutchinson's incisors

notched incisal edges

Mulberry molars

Molars with multiple cusps that are caused by congenital syphilis

Talon cusp

A Cingulum like "claw"

Projection on the lingual surface of an anterior tooth

Talon cusps usually have a

Pulp horn

Tubercles

small extra enamel projections

Where are tubercles common?

mesial marginal ridges

Where is a shovel shaped maxillary incisor common?

Asian, Arctic, and Native American dentitions

Enamel pearls

Small spherical enamel projections on tooth surface

Where are enamel pearls often found?

near furcation

What can enamel pearls lead to?

periodontal problem

Taurodantia

Elongated pulp chambers

Taurodantia is due to

developmental problems or genetics

Dens in dente

Tooth within a tooth

Dens in dente leads to what in the cingulum area?

deep crevice

Dilaceration

severe bend of the root on the crown (90 degrees or more)

Flexion

Bend of the root only less than 90 degrees

Concrescence

Joining of roots

What part of the tooth is joined in concrescence?

cementum

Dwarfed roots

Short roots

Hypercementosis

Excess thickness of the cementum

When does hypercementosis occur?

After eruption, may be in response to trauma

Accessory roots

extra roots

Common areas of accessory roots

third molars

mandibular canines

mandibular premolars

Dysplasia

Abnormal development

Forms of enamel dysplasia

amelogenesis imperfecta

fluorosis

focal enamel hypoplasia (turner's tooth)

enamel hypoplasia

Amelogenesis imperfecta

incomplete or improper development of the enamel tissue

Amelogenesis imperfecta affects what dentitions?

both

Fluorosis

Too much fluoride during tooth development

-white to yellow or brown enamel, pitting, resistant to decay

Focal Enamel Hypoplasia name

Turner's Tooth

Turner's Tooth

Primary tooth with an abscess (infection at root apex)

A primary tooth with an abscess can lead to

permanent tooth enamel malformation

Hypoplasia

incomplete development

Enamel hypoplasia

incomplete development of tooth enamel

Examples of dentinal dysplasias

dentinogenesis imperfects

tetracycline staining

Dentinogenesis imperfecta

Faulty dentin formation

Dentinogenesis imperfecta is

Hereditary

Dentinogenesis imperfect affects what dentitions?

both

What is more common- Dentinogenesis imperfecta or enamel dysplasia?

Dentinogenesis imperfecta is 2x more common

Dentinogenesis imperfecta results in...

Opalescent blue color and brittle enamel due to lack of dentinal support

Dentinogenesis imperfecta affects what dentitions?

Both

Tetracycline staining

Bands of grey-brown dentin corresponds to areas forming while taking tetracycline

Attrition

Tooth wear from tooth to tooth contact

Abrasion

Tooth wear from contact with a foreign object

-Abrasive toothpastes

-Brushing with too much force

-Pipe smoking

Erosion

Enamel and dentin loss from acids and not associated with bacteria

Abfraction

Loss of tooth structure from a fracture of enamel rods

Changes to a tooth after eruption:

Attrition

Abrasion

Erosion

Abfraction

3 shapes of mandibular 2nd premolar grooves

Y, H, U

Focal hypomaturation

chalky white opaque appearance, prone to dental caries