APUSH PERIOD 7: 1890-1945

Progressive

Progressive

An era in corrections during the early 1900s that emphasized individualized treatment and the state's ability to solve problems

Social Justice

An ideal that embraces all aspects of civilized life and that is linkied to fundamental notions of fairness and to cultural beliefs about right and wrong

Conservation

Holding to traditional attitudes and values and cautious about change or innovation, typically in politics or religion.

New Deal

A plan by President Franklin Roosevelt intended to bring economic relief, recovery, and reforms to the country after the Great Depression.

Harlem Renaissance

1920s growth in African American literature and arts, as southern African Americans brought culture to the north

Xenophobia

Fear of foreigners

Mass Media

Forms of communication, such as newspapers and radio, that reach millions of people.

Red Scare

A period when the government went after "red"-as Communists were known- and others with radical views

Great Migration

movement of over 300,000 African American from the rural south into Northern cities between 1914 and 1920

Spanish American War

In 1898, a conflict between the United States and Spain, in which the U.S. supported the Cubans' fight for independence

American Expeditionary Force

the U.S. forces, led by Gen. John Pershing, who fought with the allies in Europe during WWI

Treaty of Versailles

Treaty ending WWI; required Germany to pay huge war reparations and established the League of Nations

United Nations

An international body composed of many countries that seeks to promote peace, prosperity, and cooperation around the world. It was formed in 1945 at the end of World War II.

Pearl Harbor

United States military base on Hawaii that was bombed by Japan, bringing the United States into World War II. Pearl Harbor was attacked on December 7, 1941.

Japanese Internment

Carried out through Executive Order 9066, which took many Japanese families away from their homes and into internment camp. Motivated by racism after Pearl Harbor bombing

Civil Liberties

Freedoms to think and act without government interference or fear of unfair legal treatment.

Atomic Bomb

Two atomic bombs were dropped on Japan (Hiroshima and Nagasaki) which forced Japan to surrender and ended WWII.

Alfred Thayer Mahan

US Admiral who encouraged the US to strengthen its naval power to become a world power.

Yellow Journalism

Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers

Jingoism

Aggressive nationalism

Roosevelt Corollary

extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military force

Muckrakers

A group of writers, journalists, and critics who exposed corporate malfeasance and political corruption in the first decade of the 20th century.

John Dewey

A eductaion reformer who believed we needed to teach our kids prolem solving skills, not just memeorizing facts

Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire

In 1911, bolted the fire escape door shut in order to keep female workers from taking breaks. A fire later broke out and killed 146 workers, a large majority were women.

Initiative

A procedure by which voters can propose a law or a constitutional amendment.

Referendum

A legislative act is referred for final approval to a popular vote by the electorate.

Recall

A procedure allowing the people to vote to dismiss an elected official from state office before his or her term has expired.

Wisconsin Idea

A change (reform) proposed by Governor LaFollette that gave voters more power in government.

Robert LaFollette

Republican Senator from Wisconsin - ran for president under the Progressive Party - proponent of Progressivism and a vocal opponent of railroad trusts, bossism, World War I, and the League of Nations

Florence Kelly

Active in the settlement house movement and led progressive labor reforms for women and children.

Ballinger-Pinchot Affair

a dispute between U.S. Forest Service Chief Gifford Pinchot and U.S. Secretary of the Interior Richard Achilles Ballinger that contributed to the split of the Republican Party before the 1912 Presidential Election and helped to define the U.S. conservation movement in the early 20th century.

Dollar Diplomacy

Foreign policy created under President Taft that had the U.S. exchanging financial support ($) for the right to "help" countries make decisions about trade and other commercial ventures. Basically it was exchanging money for political influence in Latin America and the Caribbean.

Federal Reserve Act

Set up a system of federal banks and gave government the power to control the money supply, 1913

Louis Brandeis

A lawyer and jurist, he created the "Brandeis Brief," which succinctly outlines the facts of the case and cites legal precedents, in order to persuade the judge to make a certain ruling.

Espionage Act

1917 act gave the government new ways to combat spying

Sedition Act

Made it a crime to criticize the government or government officials. Opponents claimed that it violated citizens' rights to freedom of speech and freedom of the press, guaranteed by the First amendment.

Fourteen Points

Wilson's plan for peace following WWI.

League of Nations

an international organization formed in 1920 to promote cooperation and peace among nations

Eddie Rickenbacker

Famous American fighter pilot

Normalcy

A return to "normal" life after the war.

Sacco and Vanzetti

"victims" of nativism and "Americanism"

Scopes Trial

1925 court case in which Clarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryan debated the issue of teaching evolution in public schools

The Lost generation

Post war writers that left a sense of dislocation and alienation. They felt the real America had been lost or distorted.

flappers

Young women of the 1920s that behaved and dressed in a radical fashion

Hawley Smoot Tarrif

raised prices on foreign imports to such a level that they could not compete in the American market, slowed down trade

Pump priming

Government action taken to stimulate the economy, as spending money in the commercial sector, cutting taxes, or reducing interest rates

Relief, recover, reform

three goals of new deal

CCC

Civilian Conservation Corps. It was Relief that provided work for young men 18-25 years old in food control, planting, flood work, etc.

WPA

Work Progress Administration: Massive work relief program funded projects ranging from construction to acting; disbanded by FDR during WWII

Social Security Act

1935, guaranteed retirement payments for enrolled workers; set up federal-state system of unemployment insurance and care for dependent mothers and children, the handicapped, and public health

Wagner Act

1935, also National Labor Relations Act; granted rights to unions; allowed collective bargaining

Dust Bowl

1930; Central region, the term for the Great Plains when there was little rain and there were great storms of dust.

Neutrality Acts

4 laws passed in the late 1930s that were designed to keep the US out of international incidents

Appeasement

A policy of making concessions to an aggressor in the hopes of avoiding war.

America First Committee

A committee organized by isolationists in 1940 to oppose American entry into World War II

Atlantic Charter

1941-Pledge signed by US president FDR and British prime minister Winston Churchill not to acquire new territory as a result of WWII amd to work for peace after the war

Manhattan Project

The name of the top secret program that developed the atomic bomb.