Chapter 3: EOC

germ theory

germ theory

The discovery of the existence of microbes and their role in causing illness is known as the

smallpox

The development of a vaccine by Dr. Edward Jenner led to the eradication worldwide by 1979 of disease of

germs do exist

Louis Pasteur not only discovered the process of pasteurization but this also proved

aseptic technique

The process by which patients are protected from harmful germs during surgery or procedure is called

insects and animals

Infections like malaria, bubonic plague, and Lyme disease are transmitted to humans by

HIV/AIDS is caused by a virus

Penicillin is an antibiotic, and it will not work to treat HIV/AIDS. Why?

beriberi

Good sources of Vitamin B1 are beans, peas, lentils, barely, brown rice, and sunflower seeds. What disease is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin B1?

pancreas

The hormone insulin was discovered and isolated for treatment of diabetes due to difficulties in the functioning of the

chlorpromazine

Which drug was the psychopharmaceutical drug approved by the FDA to treat schizophrenia?

storing, dispensing, and compounding

Antineoplastic drugs require the technician to be careful when

biogenetically engineered drug

Newer insulin products are not derived from their natural source but are engineered in a lab using gene technology. This type of drug is classified as a

allergy history

When receiving a prescription to fill and talking to a patient, you should get complete an _______ to prevent the patient from having a bad reaction to the drug.

flavoring

If a liquid has an unpleasant taste, what inert ingredient could be added to improve patient compliance?

limulus amebocyte lysate

A drug product from the horseshoe crab’s blue blood is used for ensuring drugs, vaccines, and surgical implants are germ free. The drug is called

synthesized drug

If a drug manufacturer makes a drug similar to a natural substance that mimics the therapeutic effects of the original substance, this laboratory drug is called a

more effective

Amoxicillin is a semisynthetic drug that is designed to be ______ than penicillin.

FDA

During the drug research process, what group must approve the animal research studies before human trials will be allowed to begin in the US?

informed consent form

What document signed by a research-study participant states the purpose and risks of the research in easily understandable terms?

Phase 2

After an INDA has been approved by the FDA, in which stage of the clinical drug studies are patients with the disease first put on the drug therapy to test effectiveness?

Drug research and development is very costly, and only 1 in 5000 drugs studies actually make it to the market

A patient at the pharmacy is complaining about the high cost of a new brand medication to treat his heart disease. What might a pharmacy technician tell the patient to help him understand the reason for the cost?

bioequivalent

In order for a generic drug to be considered for approval by the FDA, a generic pharmaceutical company must prove the generic drug product is

interchangeable

Since the active ingredients in biotech drugs or biological drugs are made of natural and living materials, they are not able to be considered bioequivalent in the same way that generic drugs can be. To be able to be substituted for a brand biotech drug without permission, an alternative biotech drug must be deemed by the FDA to be

Drug Facts box on the label

For a drug to be given OTC status, the FDA will require a ________ that clearly states all the information the patient will need to use the drug without a prescription.

Homeopathic drugs are not evaluated for safety or efficacy by the FDA

How are homeopathic medications different from OTC drugs?

USP verified

You are helping a patient find a good quality fish oil supplement. What marking on the label identifies the supplement as being of good quality?

filling prescriptions, inventory control, and insurance reimbursement

When might a pharmacy technician need to look at a national drug code assigned by the FDA?

MedWatch

Drug safety and surveillance works to ensure the public is not harmed by medications that are on the market in the US. When a patient complains a new medication is causing an extreme itchiness all over, what national database would be used to report this to the FDA?

OTC drug

a drug sold without a prescription

dietary supplement

A category of non-prescription drugs that include vitamins, minerals, and herbs

prescription drug

A drug that requires an order by a licensed provider for a valid medical purpose

homeopathic drug

A very small dilution of a natural substance taken to stimulate the body’s immune system

pharmacodynamic

digoxin

diagnostic

tracer radioactive isotope

prophylactic

germicidal hand wash

prophylactic

influenza vaccine

therapeutic

antidepressants

destructive

antineoplastics

pharmacodynamic

caffeine

destructive

radioactive iodine

therapeutic

melatonin

drug

A substance taken into the body or applied to the body for the purpose of altering the body’s biochemical functions

therapeutic agent

target a specific need in the body, relieve symptoms, combat illness, and reverse disease processes

prophylactic agent

prevent illness or disease, ex. vaccines, germicides, antibiotics

destructive agent

kills specific living elements such as cells and infectious agents, ex. antineoplastic drugs, antibiotics (bactericidal), radioactive iodine

pharmacodynamic agent

alter body functions in a desired way

diagnostic agent

used to help diagnose a medical condition

penicillin

First antibiotic discovered by Dr. Alexander Fleming

Polio

Disease results in paralysis of lower extremities, vaccine created in 1952 by Dr. Jonas Salk

1987

When was the first drug for HIV approved?

hormones

_____ stimulate cells/tissues of the body to act in certain ways.

1961

When was birth-control first approved?

the pill

name for birth-control tablets, 99% effective in preventing pregnancy, first approved in 1960

1954

When was thorazine first approved to treat schizophrenia?

Adderall and Ritalin

C-II, ADHD drug therapies developed in the 2nd half of the 20th century

antineplastic drugs

target fast-growing cells (not only cancer cells), can cause harsh side effects

active ingredient

biochemically active components

inert ingredient

inactive ingredient

synthetic drug

created from a series of chemical reactions, do not exist in nature

synthesized drug

created artificially in the laboratory but in imitation of a naturally occurring source

semisynthetic drug

Natural drug that has been chemically modified to either improve the efficacy of natural product, reduce its side effects, overcome bacterial resistance, or broaden spectrum of bacteria that can be treated

biochemically engineered drug

Combine sciences of biology, chemistry, immunology, and genetic engineering to produce drugs

homeopathic medication

required same labeling as OTCs but not evaluated for safety or effectiveness

National Drug Code Number

10-11 digit number: First five numbers represent manufacturer, next four represent drug and dose, last two represent package size

manufacturer, drug, packaging

NDC number represents:

Dr Jonas Salk in 1952

A vaccine for polio was made by who in what year?