therapies

trepanning/trephining

trepanning/trephining

a surgical practice in which a hole was

bored into the skull to relieve pressure or release evil sprits

deinstitutionalization

movement that advocates the transfer of mentally disabled people from public or private institutions

somatic therapy

therapy that deals with the body like drugs

or shocks or surgery

psychotherapy

is any psychological treatment for behavioral

or emotional problems

pharmocology

the scientific study of the effects of drugs and chemicals on living organisms

anti anxiety drugs

reduce anxiety by

making the individual calmer and

less excitable

Antidepressant drugs

regulate mood

Tricyclic's

elavil

monoamine oxidase inhibitors

-increases the

amount of norepinephrine and

serotonin in the synaptic cleft by

blocking monoamine oxide

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

Increases the amount of neurotransmitters in

the synaptic cleft by blocking the

reabsorption or reuptake mechanism of the

cell that releases the neurotransmitters

lithium

widely used to treat

bipolar disorder, stabilize mood by influencing

norepinephrine and serotonin

Antipsychotic drugs

Diminish agitated behavior, reduce

tension, decrease hallucinations, improve

social behavior, and improve sleep

patterns

Electroconvulsive therapy

(ECT) “shock therapy”

Goal: set off a seizure in the

brain, Used to treat severe

depression

Psychosurgery:

A biological intervention that

involves the removal or destruction

of brain tissue

lobotomy

nerve fibers in the brain are cut, leaving the subject childlike

psychotherapy

helps individuals talk abt and overcome problems

psychiatrists

have med degree, provide therapy to help patients and only type of therapist that can prescribe medicine

clinical psychologist

has doctoral degree in clinical psychology; provides therapy for people with mental disorders

counseling psychologist

has doctoral degree in pyschological or educational counseling; counsel people in milder problems

psychoanalysis

analyzing an individual’s unconscious thoughts and conflicts (freud)

hypnosis

less likely to repress

troubling thoughts

free association

-encouraging

individuals to say aloud whatever

comes to mind, no matter how

trivial or embarrassing

dream analysis

Images in dreams are the manifest

content which are symbols

representing the truly meaningful

latent content

manifest content vs latent content

The manifest content of a dream is what literally happens in it, while latent content is what the dream symbolizes

Transference:

Patient shifts

thoughts and feelings about certain

people onto the therapist

Redirect their feelings (often

toward their parents)

resistence

client’s unconscious

defense strategies that prevent the

analyst from understanding the

person’s problems

insight

Humanistic and Psychoanalytic

Insight into the cause of the problem

Gaining an understanding of your problemHumanistic Therapies:

Humanistic Therapies:

encouraged toward

self-understanding and

personal growth

Client-centered therapy

Therapist provides a warm and

supportive atmosphere

Unconditional positive regard

If you have not experienced it

you may have come to see

yourself in negative ways

Active listening-

mirror back what

the person says

Carl Rogers

pioneerd client-centered therapy

genuineness

open honest and expressive of feelings

gestalt therapy

Encourage clients to get in

touch with their whole selves

and integrate all of your

actions, feelings, and thoughts

into a harmonious whole

Focus on the present

friz perls

pioneered gestalt therapy

behavior therapies

Use principles of learning to

reduce or eliminate maladaptive

behavior

Counterconditioning:

response to

a given stimulus is replaced by a

different response

Aversion therapy:

aversive

stimulus repeatedly paired with

the behavior you want to stop

Systematic desensitization-

replaces one response, such as

anxiety, with another response

such as relaxation

Flooding

-exposing an

individual to feared stimuli

to an excessive degree

while not allowing the

person to avoid the

Operant conditioning techniques

Behavioral Contracting

Modeling

Token Economy

Behavioral Contracting:

a contract where the client

must act in a certain way (not

exhibiting undesirable

behaviors) so the therapist

provides a reward

Modeling:

Clients watch someone act in a

certain way and then receive a

reward (based on Bandura’s vicarious learning)

Token economy:

(Skinner) system for providing positive reinforcement to a child or children by giving them tokens

Rational emotive behavior therapy

(REBT or RET)

Expose and confront dysfunctional

thoughts of their clients

Cognitive Therapies:

Psychological disorders

develop when people think

illogically about themselves,

world, future

aaron beck/ cognitive triad

coined cognitive therapy/ recognize and discard self defeating cognitions

Group therapy

a therapy session in which several clients participate in

the same time

family therapy

technique in which all family members participate, both

individually and as a group, to change destructive relationships

and communication patterns

couples therapies

when a couple goes to solve problems and enhance

communication patterns

self help groups

group of people who share a particular type

of problem and provide mutual support to one another.