lecture 7 neurobiology

These flashcards cover key concepts related to neurotransmitter systems, their types, functions, and mechanisms of action as presented in the lecture.

EPSP stands for __.

Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential.

The major categories of neurotransmitters include __, amines, and peptides.

Amino acids.

Glutamate, glycine, and GABA are examples of __ neurotransmitters.

Amino acid.

analysis determines the number of vesicles that release during neurotransmission.

Quantal.

At many CNS synapses, a single vesicle results in an EPSP of a few tenths of a __.

Millivolt.

An example of a peptide neurotransmitter is __.

Dynorphin.

GABA, dopamine, and serotonin are categorized as __ neurotransmitters.

Amines.

__ receptors are involved in neurotransmitter-gated ion channels.

Transmitter-gated.

Synaptic integration combines multiple synaptic potentials within one __ neuron.

Postsynaptic.

Temporal summation occurs when EPSPs are generated at the same synapse in __ succession.

Rapid.

The driving force for an ion is proportional to __.

Vm - Eion.

__ receptors are also called metabotropic receptors.

G-Protein-Coupled.

An example of an autoreceptor is a receptor found in the membrane of __ axon terminal.

Presynaptic.

__ of neurotransmitter molecules can lead to receptor desensitization.

Diffusion.

Drugs that inhibit neurotransmitter receptors are known as __.

Receptor antagonists.

The key enzyme in GABA synthesis is __.

Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD).

The abbreviation 'DA' stands for __.

Dopamine.

__ is a mechanism involved in long-term potentiation and memory.

NMDA receptors.

Synaptic transmission modifies effectiveness of EPSPs through a process called __.

Modulation.

A neurotransmitter that binds to presynaptic receptors and inhibits its own release is referred to as an __ receptor.

Autoreceptor.

acetylcholine receptors are ionotropic, while _ receptors are metabotropic.

Nicotinic; muscarinic.

Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) __ the postsynaptic membrane potential away from action potential threshold.

Take.

The study of the effects of drugs on the nervous system is called __.

Neuropharmacology.

Glutamate, an excitatory neurotransmitter, can bind to __ and NMDA receptors.

AMPA.

G-protein coupled receptors undergo __ when a neurotransmitter binds to them.

Activation.

The action potential is generated when a sufficient number of __ channels are opened.

Sodium.

GABA receptors are __ receptors that mediate most synaptic inhibition in the CNS.

Ionotropic.

Cholinergic neurons primarily utilize __ as their neurotransmitter.

Acetylcholine (ACh).

Neuropeptide Y and substance P are both types of __ neurotransmitters.

Peptide.