MASTER NCTRC

APIED Process

A systematic process in TR that includes Assessment, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation, and Documentation.

Leisure Ability Model

Consists of Functional Intervention, Leisure Education, and Recreation Participation. Promotes independent leisure functioning.

Health Protection/Promotion Model

Uses recreation to help clients recover from health issues and work toward optimal wellness.

Service Delivery Model

Comprises diagnosis, treatment, education, and health promotion phases for delivering TR services.

Therapeutic Recreation Outcome Model

Focuses on client outcomes like improved function and quality of life from TR services.

Leisure and Well-Being Model

Strengths-based approach enhancing leisure experiences and personal resources for well-being.

ICF Model

WHO framework describing health and disability as an interaction of functioning, activities, participation, and environment.

Self-Determination Theory

Emphasizes intrinsic motivation driven by autonomy, competence, and relatedness.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Motivational theory consisting of five levels—physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization.

Transtheoretical Model

Describes behavior change through precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance stages.

Theory of Reasoned Action

Behavior is influenced by intention, which is affected by attitudes and subjective norms.

Social Learning Theory

Behavior is learned through observing, modeling, and reinforcement (Bandura).

Learned Helplessness

Condition where a person feels powerless to change their situation due to repeated failures.

Flow Theory

Optimal experience occurs when there is a balance between challenge and skill, leading to deep engagement.

Attribution Theory

People explain behaviors or events by attributing causes to internal or external factors.

Competence-Effectance Theory

Individuals are motivated to interact with their environment effectively and achieve mastery.

FACTR-R

Assesses physical, cognitive, and social functioning to determine if TR services are needed.

Leisure Diagnostic Battery (LDB)

Measures perceived leisure competence, barriers, and motivation.

REDS

Evaluates developmental levels in individuals with severe developmental disabilities.

CERT-Psych

Assesses behavior, interpersonal skills, and cognitive function in psychiatric settings.

CERT-Physical Disabilities

Assesses gross/fine motor skills and behaviors in physical rehab settings.

FOX

Evaluates social/affective behavior in individuals with developmental disabilities.

GRST

Assesses developmental levels in areas like fine/gross motor, cognition, and play for clients aged 0–10.

TRAA

Observation-based assessment of client responses to leisure activities to evaluate functional skills.

ATRA Standard 1 - Assessment

Collect and document information to determine client needs and develop service plans.

ATRA Standard 2 - Treatment Planning

Establish individualized goals and select interventions based on assessment.

ATRA Standard 3 - Implementation

Deliver services that align with treatment goals in a safe and effective manner.

ATRA Standard 4 - Reassessment and Evaluation

Measure client progress and modify treatment plans as needed.

ATRA Standard 5 - Discharge/Transition

Plan for continued services or resources after program completion.

ATRA Standard 6 - Risk Management

Identify and mitigate physical and emotional risks in programming.

ATRA Standard 7 - Ethics

Adhere to professional ethical codes and ensure client rights and dignity.

NCTRC Code of Ethics - Beneficence

Promote client well-being and act in their best interest.

NCTRC Code of Ethics - Non-Maleficence

Do no harm to clients.

NCTRC Code of Ethics - Autonomy

Respect clients' rights to make their own decisions.

NCTRC Code of Ethics - Justice

Provide equal treatment and services to all clients.

NCTRC Code of Ethics - Fidelity

Keep commitments and maintain trust in professional relationships.

NCTRC Code of Ethics - Veracity

Be honest and accurate in professional communications.

NCTRC Code of Ethics - Informed Consent

Ensure clients understand services and participate voluntarily.

NCTRC Code of Ethics - Confidentiality

Safeguard private client information.

NCTRC Code of Ethics - Competence

Maintain current skills and knowledge through education and training.

NCTRC Code of Ethics - Compliance

Follow all applicable laws and regulations.

SOAP Notes

Documentation format including Subjective, Objective, Assessment, and Plan.

DARP Notes

Documentation method structured as Data, Action, Response, and Plan.

Narrative Notes

Paragraph-style documentation describing client responses and interventions.

Treatment Plan

A written document outlining goals, objectives, and interventions for a client.

Goal

A broad, general statement of desired client outcome.

Objective

A specific, measurable, short-term step leading toward a goal.

Program Evaluation

Assessment of program effectiveness, outcomes, and areas for improvement.

Formative Evaluation

Conducted during service delivery to improve processes and effectiveness.

Summative Evaluation

Conducted after service delivery to assess final outcomes.

Quality Improvement

Continuous review and improvement of service quality based on outcomes and feedback.

Risk Management

Identifying and reducing potential risks to ensure safety in programs.

Incident Report

A formal report completed when an accident or unusual event occurs.

Utilization Review

Evaluating the appropriateness and efficiency of services provided to clients.

Accreditation

Recognition by an external agency (e.g., CARF, JCAHO) that standards of care are met.

Budgeting

Planning and monitoring the allocation of financial resources for services and programs.

Capital Budget

Used for major equipment purchases or facility improvements.

Operating Budget

Covers day-to-day expenses such as salaries, supplies, and utilities.

Direct Costs

Expenses directly tied to program delivery (e.g., equipment, staff).

Indirect Costs

Overhead expenses like administrative support or facility maintenance.

Marketing

Communicating the value and availability of TR services to stakeholders and the public.

Staff Supervision

Providing guidance, evaluation, and support to staff members.

Professional Development

Ongoing training and education to enhance skills and maintain certification.

Interdisciplinary Team

Professionals from different disciplines working together on shared client goals.

Case Management

Coordinating services to meet the comprehensive needs of a client.

Clinical Pathways

Standardized care plans based on best practices for specific diagnoses or populations.

Managed Care

Healthcare system aimed at cost containment and efficiency, often involving pre-approvals.

PPS (Prospective Payment System)

Medicare payment method based on predetermined diagnosis-related group (DRG) rates.

HIPAA

U.S. law ensuring the privacy and security of client health information.

IDEA

Ensures children with disabilities receive a Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE), including recreation.

ADA

Prohibits discrimination based on disability and mandates access to public services and spaces.

Section 504

Civil rights law preventing disability discrimination in federally funded programs.

Older Americans Act

Provides funding for services for adults aged 60+, including recreation and wellness.

Inclusion

Ensuring individuals with disabilities have access to the same opportunities as others, with appropriate supports.

Normalization

Providing individuals with disabilities with conditions of life as close as possible to those of society at large.

Client-Centered Practice

Emphasizing the individual’s needs, values, and preferences in planning and delivering care.

Recreation Participation

The component of the Leisure Ability Model focusing on structured activities with minimal therapist involvement.

Leisure Education

Teaching clients the skills, knowledge, and attitudes necessary for meaningful leisure engagement.

Functional Intervention

TR services aimed at improving functional abilities such as strength, mobility, or social interaction.

Cultural Competence

The ability to understand, appreciate, and interact with people from cultures different from one’s own.

Cultural Humility

A lifelong process of self-evaluation and self-critique regarding one’s cultural biases and perspectives.

Activity Analysis

Breaking down an activity into its component parts to match client needs and abilities.

Task Analysis

A detailed, step-by-step examination of the tasks required to complete an activity.

Fading

Gradually reducing prompts or assistance to encourage client independence.

Shaping

Reinforcing successive steps of a desired behavior to build toward a final goal.

Prompting

Providing cues or guidance to help a client perform a specific behavior or task.

Behavioral Objective

A specific, measurable statement outlining what a client will do, under what conditions, and with what criteria.

Discharge Summary

A document summarizing a client’s progress, services provided, and recommendations after leaving TR services.

Credentialing

The process of obtaining and maintaining professional certification (e.g., CTRS).

Licensure

Legal authority granted by a state or province to practice a profession.

Certification

Voluntary process recognizing individuals who have met established standards (e.g., NCTRC/CTRS).

Competency

Demonstrated ability to perform duties to a defined standard.

Professional Boundaries

Ethical and role-based limits that define appropriate relationships with clients.

Dual Relationship

A situation where a professional has another significant relationship with a client that could impair objectivity.

Scope of Practice

The range of responsibilities and practices that a professional is qualified and permitted to perform.

Outcome Measurement

Evaluation of the results of TR services in terms of client functioning and goal achievement.

WHODAS 2.0

WHO disability assessment scale measuring health and functioning.

IRF-PAI

Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility – Patient Assessment Instrument used for Medicare documentation.

FIM (Functional Independence Measure)

Assesses level of independence in daily living skills.

Rancho Los Amigos Scale

Measures cognitive recovery levels following a brain injury.