Personality Disorders

personality disorder

an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the norms and expectations of the individual’s culture, is pervasive and inflexible, has an onset in adolescence or early adulthood, is stable over time, and leads to distress or impairment.

Cluster A

includes paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders. Individuals with these disorders often appear odd or eccentric

Cluster B

includes antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic personality disorders. Individuals with these disorders often appear dramatic, emotional, or erratic

Cluster C

includes avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders. Individuals with these disorders often appear anxious or fearful

General Personality Disorder

An enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual’s culture.

ASPD

which personality disorder are diagnosed more in men

BPD, histrionic, dpd

are diagnosed more frequently in women

General Personality Disorder

An enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that

deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual’s

culture. This pattern is manifested in two (or more) of the

following areas:

1. Cognition (i.e., ways of perceiving and interpreting self,

other people, and events).

2. Affectivity (i.e., the range, intensity, lability, and

appropriateness of emotional response).

3. Interpersonal functioning.

4. Impulse control.

adolescence or early adulthood

when is the onset of personality disorder?

Personality traits

enduring patterns of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the environment and oneself that are exhibited in a wide range of social and personal contexts.

antisocial personality disorder

diagnosed more frequently in men.

Paranoid Personality Disorder

. A pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others such that their motives are interpreted as malevolent, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts

Schizoid Personality Disorder

A pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of expression of emotions in interpersonal settings, beginning by early adulthood

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

A pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort with, and reduced capacity for, close relationships as well as by cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts

magical thinking

superstitiousness, belief in clairvoyance, telepathy, or “sixth sense”; in children and adolescents, bizarre fantasies or preoccupations

men

Schizotypal personality disorder appears to be slightly more common in

Antisocial Personality Disorder

A pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others, occurring since age 15 years

Borderline Personality Disorder

A pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts

Histrionic Personality Disorder

A pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts

Petulant Borderline

Also called: Irritable or Moody type

Core Traits: Unpredictable mood, stubborn, easily disappointed

Behavior: Passive-aggressive, jealous, demanding, may lash out when needs aren’t met

Risks: Intense rage, unstable relationships

Discouraged Borderline

Also called: Quiet BPD

• Core Traits: Clingy, dependent, avoidant

• Behavior: Fear of rejection or abandonment but may suppress emotions and anger; appears shy, compliant, or self-sacrificing.

• Risks: Depression, self-harm, internalized anger

Impulsive Borderline

Also called: Thrill-seeking or High-risk type

• Core Traits: Energetic, flirtatious, dramatic

• Behavior: Seeks attention and excitement, often reckless (substance use, risky sex, spending)

• Risks: Poor impulse control, dangerous behavior, manipulativeness

Self-Destructive Borderline

Also called: Depressive or Masochistic type

• Core Traits: Feelings of guilt, self-hate, worthlessness

• Behavior: Engages in self-harming behaviors, sabotages success or relationships, may struggle with suicidal thoughts

• Risks: High suicide risk, depression, extreme emotional pain

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

A pervasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy or behavior), need for admiration, and lack of empathy, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts

men

Among adults age 18 and older diagnosed with narcissistic personality disorder, 50%–75% are

Avoidant Personality Disorder

A pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts

Dependent Personality Disorder

A pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive and clinging behavior and fears of separation, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

A pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control, at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts