Key Forensic Science Figures, Concepts, and Roles (Notes review)
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Flashcards covering key people, principles, roles, and concepts across forensic science as presented in the notes.
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43 Terms
Who developed DNA fingerprinting in 1984?
Alec Jeffreys.
Who is considered the Father of Forensic Toxicology?
Mathieu Orfila.
Who wrote Criminal Investigations and helped bring scientific principles to forensics?
Hans Gross.
Who first used bullet marks fired from guns to analyze ballistics?
Calvin Goddard.
Who created the ABO blood typing procedure in dried blood?
Leone Lattes.
Which serial killer in the 1980s mocked police and is studied in criminal profiling?
BTK Killer (Dennis Rader).
Who developed the ABO blood types?
Karl Landsteiner.
Who wrote Sherlock Holmes and influenced forensic methods?
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.
Who developed anthropometry as an identification system?
Alphonse Bertillon.
Who used handwriting analysis to tie criminals to cases?
Albert S. Osborn.
Who developed the Marsh Test to detect arsenic?
James Marsh.
Who developed the system to match fingerprints?
Sir Francis Galton.
What is Locard's Exchange Principle?
Every contact leaves a trace.
What job studies bite impressions?
Forensic Odontologist.
Who determines the cause of death using the corpse?
Forensic Pathologist is a medical doctor trained to perform autopsies and determine the cause, manner, and mechanism of death through medical examination.
Who studies the effects of drugs and poisons on the body?
Forensic Toxicologist.
Who studies bones in forensic contexts?
Forensic Anthropologist apply skeletal biology and archaeological techniques to identify human remains, determine age, sex, ancestry, and assess trauma in forensic contexts.
Who is the medical doctor who performs post-mortem exams?
Medical Examiner is a physician (often a forensic pathologist) appointed by a jurisdiction to investigate deaths that are sudden, unexpected, or suspicious, and performs autopsies.
Who studies insects on decaying bodies?
Forensic Entomologist.
Who studies pollen and spores on evidence?
Forensic Palynologist.
Who determines the cause of a fire?
Arson Investigator.
Who investigates murders from crime scene to arrest?
Homicide Detective.
Who reconstructs bones for 3D facial images?
Forensic Artist/Anthropologist works with forensic anthropologists to reconstruct facial features from skeletal remains, creating 2D or 3D images to aid in identification.
Who preserves and studies fingerprints?
Fingerprint Analyst.
Who determines DNA makeup?
DNA Analyst specialize in extracting, amplifying, and analyzing DNA from biological samples to identify individuals or link evidence to suspects/victims.
Who collects and documents evidence at the scene?
Crime Scene Investigator (CSI).
Who is trained in natural substances like oil/petroleum for trace evidence?
Forensic Geologist.
What unit uses specialized/military equipment and is involved in suspect apprehension?
SWAT or specialized unit.
Who identifies suspects from characteristics?
Criminal Profiler analyze behavioral patterns, psychological traits, and characteristics derived from crime scenes to help identify likely suspects and provide investigative leads
Who studies bullets and weapons in forensics?
Ballistics Expert.
Who evaluates written and typed evidence?
Document Examiner.
Who confirms or certifies death in a jurisdiction?
Coroners are elected or appointed official responsible for confirming and certifying deaths within a jurisdiction, and may or may not be a physician
Who determines how a crime took place?
Forensic Reconstructionist determine show a crime or incident took place by analyzing physical evidence and recreating the sequence of events.
Who analyzes bloodstains at the scene?
Bloodstain Pattern Analyst.
Who studies the causes, nature, and extent of crime as a social phenomenon?
Criminologist is a social scientist that studies the causes, nature, and extent of crime as a social phenomenon, analyzing crime trends and developing theories
Who analyzes crashes in forensics?
Forensic Engineer (Accident Reconstructionist) analyze crashes, structural failures, and other technical incidents using engineering principles to determine their cause and sequence of events
Who are experts in alcohol, firearms, and explosives for forensics?
ATF Agents.
Who identifies tire and shoe impressions?
Impression Evidence Examiner.
Who analyzes hair in forensic science?
Forensic Biologist analyze biological evidence such as hair, fibers, botanical samples, and bodily fluids (e.g., blood, semen, saliva) for forensic investigations
Who retrieves information from computers for forensic purposes?
Digital Forensic Examiner.
Who analyzes documents for forgery?
Questioned Document Examine examines documents, handwriting, typewritten materials, and signatures to determine authenticity, detect forgery, and analyze alterations
Who traces outbreaks or biological weapons in forensics?
Forensic Epidemiologist.
Who applies psychological principles for legal purposes, evaluating criminal behavior, mental state, or competency?
Forensic Psychologist applies psychological principles to legal issues, often evaluating criminal behavior, mental state, and competency for legal proceedings.