Comprehensive Occupational Safety & Health (OSH) Review

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A vocabulary set covering key terms, concepts, and definitions from the provided Occupational Safety & Health lecture notes.

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126 Terms

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Occupational Safety

Rules and regulations designed to ensure employee health and safety at work.

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Imminent Danger

A workplace event or condition with a reasonable chance of causing death or severe injury.

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Workplace

Any location an employee must go for work that is under employer control, directly or indirectly.

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Certified First-Aider

Person trained and certified in first aid by the Philippine Red Cross or another DOLE-approved organization.

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Safety and Health Committee

Workplace body that oversees, examines, and addresses all employee health and safety aspects.

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High-Risk Establishment

Work setting with moderate to high likelihood of accidents, illnesses, or significant safety exposures.

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Low-Risk Establishment

Workplace with minimal exposure to health and safety risks unlikely to cause harm.

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Safety Officer

Individual who monitors and inspects workplace health and safety issues.

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Accident

Unplanned, unwanted event that may result in harm, loss, or death.

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Accident Causation

Underlying reasons or factors that lead to an accident.

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Heinrich Domino Model

Theory stating accidents result from a chain of events; removing the unsafe act/mechanical hazard prevents injury.

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Unsafe / Unhealthy Acts

Worker behaviors that deviate from safety standards, raising the likelihood of incidents.

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Unsafe / Unhealthy Conditions

Hazardous physical or chemical characteristics of materials, machines, or environments.

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5S

Lean workplace method: Seiri, Seiton, Seiso, Seiketsu, Shitsuke.

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Seiri (Sort)

Eliminate unnecessary items by separating needed from unneeded materials.

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Seiton (Set in order)

Arrange and label remaining items for easy use and retrieval.

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Seiso (Shine)

Clean the work area through systematic housekeeping.

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Seiketsu (Standardize)

Schedule regular cleaning and maintenance; perform 3S daily.

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Shitsuke (Sustain)

Make 5S a habit through discipline and continuous practice.

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High-Risk Activity

Task that can seriously endanger health or safety if not done correctly.

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High-Risk Industry

Industry where accidents, injuries, or environmental damage are frequent due to operational nature.

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Hazard Identification

Process of determining potential hazards an organization could encounter.

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Risk Assessment

Evaluating possible effects of each identified hazard.

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Risk Mitigation

Steps taken to address a hazard’s root cause and track effectiveness.

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Housekeeping (OSH)

Routine cleaning/maintenance that reduces injuries, flammables, and promotes health.

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Material Handling and Storage

Movement, storage, and control of materials during manufacture, transport, use, and disposal.

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Manual Handling

Using bodily force to lift, move, or support a load.

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Mechanical Handling

Utilizing equipment to transport, load, or unload materials.

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Ergonomic Hazard

Risk of muscle strain or injury from improper lifting or repetitive tasks.

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Equipment Accident

Injury resulting from poorly maintained or improperly used machinery.

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Falling Object Hazard

Risk arising when items drop due to improper stacking or storage.

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Collapsing Rack Hazard

Injury risk from overloaded or poorly maintained storage racks.

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Blocked Aisle / Exit

Obstructed pathway that poses safety risk during evacuation.

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Chemical Hazard (Storage)

Risks of spills, leaks, or reactions from improper chemical storage.

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Pest Infestation Risk

Contamination and health issues caused by poor maintenance attracting pests.

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Electrical Hazard (Storage)

Fire or shock danger from storing materials near electrical panels or wiring.

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Machine Safety

Policies and measures to reduce risks when operating workplace machinery.

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Mechanical Hazard

Potential severe injury/fatality when machinery is improperly handled.

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Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Median-nerve compression in wrist causing pain, numbness, tingling.

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Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome (HAVS)

Finger numbness, pain, and grip weakness from prolonged vibration exposure.

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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Barrier that reduces exposure to mechanical, electrical, chemical, or physical hazards.

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Head Protection

Hard hats or bump caps guarding against impact or falling objects.

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Eye & Face Protection

Safety goggles or face shields preventing debris or chemical splashes.

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Hearing Protection

Earplugs or earmuffs that reduce noise exposure.

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Respiratory Protection

Masks or respirators that filter harmful airborne contaminants.

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Hand Protection

Gloves designed to guard against cuts, chemicals, or heat.

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Body Protection

Coveralls, high-visibility clothing shielding torso from hazards.

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Foot Protection

Safety shoes or steel-toe boots preventing foot injuries.

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Fall Protection Equipment

Harnesses or lanyards designed to arrest falls from height.

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Chemical Protective Gear

HAZMAT suits or aprons shielding against hazardous substances.

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Hazard Analysis

Systematic evaluation of workplace hazards to prioritize controls.

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Reactive Methodology

Identifies hazards by analyzing past incidents.

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Proactive Methodology

Seeks hazards through audits before incidents occur.

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Predictive Methodology

Uses data trends to foresee and prevent future hazards.

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Lockout/Tagout (LOTO)

Procedure preventing accidental machine startup or energy release.

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Lock (LOTO)

Device that physically prevents equipment energization.

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Tag (LOTO)

Warning label advising workers not to use the machine.

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Lock Hasp

Hardware allowing multiple locks on a single energy-isolating device.

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Mechanical Energy

Energy in gears or moving parts that can crush or entangle.

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Electrical Energy

Live current capable of causing shock, burns, or electrocution.

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Pneumatic Energy

Compressed air/gas that may release sudden force.

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Thermal Energy

Heat or extreme cold posing burn or frostbite hazards.

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Hydraulic Energy

Pressurized fluid power that can move suddenly and trap workers.

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Chemical Energy (LOTO)

Potentially explosive or reactive substances needing safe isolation.

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Confined Space

Area with limited entry/exit not intended for continuous occupancy.

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Authorized Entrant

Worker permitted to perform tasks inside a confined space.

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Authorized Attendant

Person outside confined space who monitors entrant safety.

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Oxygen Deficiency

Low oxygen level hazard common in confined spaces.

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Toxic Gas Hazard

Presence of poisonous gases posing inhalation risk.

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Engulfment Hazard

Risk of being trapped by loose materials like grain or sand.

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Basic Electricity Safety

Guidelines to prevent injury from electrical hazards.

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Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI)

Fast-acting breaker that shuts power during a ground fault.

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Fire Safety

Practices aimed at preventing, detecting, and responding to uncontrolled fires.

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Fire Hazard

Action, material, or condition with potential to start an uncontrolled fire.

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Class A Fire

Blaze involving ordinary combustibles: wood, paper, cloth.

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Class B Fire

Fire fueled by flammable liquids like grease, oil, paint.

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Class C Fire

Fire involving live electrical equipment.

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Class D Fire

Combustible metal fire, e.g., magnesium or aluminum.

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Class K Fire

Fire from cooking oils or fats in commercial kitchens.

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Fire Code of the Philippines (RA 9514)

Regulation implemented by BFP to prevent and suppress fires.

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Guardrail System

Barrier preventing workers from falling at exposed edges.

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Safety Net

Mesh system that catches or limits fall distance.

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Personal Fall Arrest System

Equipment that stops a worker’s fall before ground impact.

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Barricade

Temporary barrier controlling or restricting access to an area.

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Soft Barricade

Flexible barrier like cones, tape, or mesh.

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Solid Barricade

Rigid, semi-permanent barrier made of wood, metal, or concrete.

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Scaffold

Temporary elevated platform supporting workers and materials.

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Supported Scaffold

Platform held by load-bearing legs, poles, or frames.

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Suspended Scaffold

Platform hung by ropes from overhead structure.

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Rolling Scaffold

Supported scaffold mounted on wheels for mobility.

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Cantilever Scaffold

Scaffold supported on one side for work along building edges.

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Industrial Hygiene

Science of protecting and enhancing worker health through hazard control.

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Environmental Hazard

Airborne contaminants like dust, fumes, vapors in the workplace.

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Chemical Hazard (IH)

Risk from gases, liquids, dusts, mists, or fumes.

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Physical Hazard

Heat, noise, radiation, or vibration threatening worker health.

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Ergonomic Hazard (IH)

Work conditions causing musculoskeletal strain or discomfort.

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Hierarchy of Controls

Elimination, Substitution, Engineering, Administrative, PPE (priority order).

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Hazard Communication

System for classifying and conveying chemical hazards to employees.

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Globally Harmonized System (GHS)

International standard for chemical classification and labeling.

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Safety Data Sheet (SDS)

Document providing detailed information on chemical hazards and handling.