AP Bio Vocab Set 3

Glycogen

The polysaccharide that is how animals store glucose in their liver.

Gonads

The site of meiosis in humans that includes the ovaries and testes.

Haploid

Cells that have one copy of each kind of chromosome.

Homeostasis

The condition in animals where they keep their internal environment constant for a specific characteristic often as a result of negative feedback.

Homozygous

The description of an individual who has the same allele for a trait on both homologous chromosomes.

Hydrogen bond

The weak intermolecular bond that forms between water molecules that causes them to “stick” to each other.

Hyphae

The “body” of the fungus

Hypothesis

A testable explanation for a question that is often written in if… then… form.

Incomplete dominance

The type of inheritance where the heterozygous individual has a blend of the dominant and recessive trait.

Independent variable

The one difference between the experimental group and the control group.

Innate

Behavior that an organism is not learned and is genetically determined.

Insulin

The hormone that lowers blood sugar by having it stored as glycogen in the liver and increasing cellular uptake.

Logistic

The type of population growth where the population has reached the carrying capacity and stays at a relatively constant level as indicated by a J curve.

Meiosis

The type of nuclear division that leads to four nuclei with a haploid complement of chromosomes produced from one diploid nucleus.

Messenger RNA

RNA made from DNA that carries the nucleotide template to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

Mitochondria

In eukaryotic cells it is the site of the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain of aerobic cellular respiration

Mitosis

The type of nuclear division that leads to two nuclei with the entire diploid complement of chromosomes.

Mutation

A change in the DNA either by changing a chromosome’s structure or the order of nucleotides.

Natural selection

The theory that states explains how a population changes over time to reflect the individuals who are most successful.

Nucleotides

The monomer subunit that links together along the sugar phosphate backbone to form nucleic acids (DNA/RNA).

Pancreas

The gland that releases glucagon and insulin to help control blood sugar.

Passive transport

The transport of molecules across the cell membrane without the use of energy.

Photosynthesis

The chemical reaction that makes glucose and oxygen from water and carbon in the presence of sunlight.

Pituitary gland

The gland that controls the release of hormones from many other glands.

Plasma

The liquid noncellular component of blood