elecs 2 semiconductors

The primary reason silicon is widely used as a semiconductor is because it possesses:

Four valence electrons

Which statement BEST distinguishes a semiconductor from a conductor?

Semiconductors have controllable conductivity.

Which scientist's work laid the foundation for semiconductor physics?

Michael Faraday

Which invention marked the beginning of modern electronics?

Transistor

The forbidden region between the valence and conduction bands is called:

Band gap

Which is NOT a method for increasing semiconductor conductivity?

Magnetization

Which process introduces impurity atoms?

Doping

An intrinsic semiconductor is:

Pure state

The majority carriers in N-type material are:

Electrons

Which impurity creates a P-type semiconductor?

Boron

An atom with five valence electrons is called:

Pentavalent

The scientific illustration of electron sharing is called:

Valence bond model

Which statement is TRUE?

Covalent bonding is the actual chemical bond.

Which charge carrier is absent in an ideal conductor?

Hole

Increasing temperature generally causes semiconductor conductivity to:

Increase

A hole is best described as:

The absence of a valence electron

Which impurity is a donor atom?

Phosphorus

The conduction band mainly contains:

Free electrons

Which semiconductor has holes as majority carriers?

P-type

The primary function of semiconductor devices is to:

Control voltage or current

A silicon crystal is doped with phosphorus. What becomes the majority carrier?

Electrons

A semiconductor's conductivity increases after exposure to bright light. Which mechanism explains this?

Electron-hole pair generation

A student claims that the band gap is a physical empty space between atoms. This statement is:

Incorrect because the band gap is an energy difference

Which combination is correctly matched?

Pentavalent → Donor → N-type

If all covalent bonds in intrinsic silicon remain intact, electrical conductivity will be:

Zero or extremely low

Which statement about doping is FALSE?

It changes the number of valence electrons of silicon atoms.

A donor impurity contributes one extra electron because it has:

5 valence electrons

Why does silicon require thermal energy at room temperature to conduct?

Electrons must gain enough energy to cross the band gap.

Which sequence correctly describes the formation of an N-type semiconductor?

Add pentavalent impurity → extra electron → majority electrons

Which statement best explains why semiconductors are ideal for electronic devices?

Their conductivity can be precisely controlled by temperature, light, and doping.