Solutions Unit 4

Flashcards covering key terminology from the Solutions Unit 4 lecture notes.

Homogeneous mixtures

Mixtures of two or more substances that are uniform in composition.

Solvent

A component of a solution that is present in the greatest amount.

Solute

Any component in a solution other than the solvent.

Aqueous solutions

Solutions where water is the solvent.

Dilute solution

A solution that has a small amount of solute compared to the solvent.

Concentrated solution

A solution that has a large amount of solute compared to the solvent.

Saturated solution

A solution that contains the maximum concentration of a solute possible at a given temperature.

Unsaturated solution

A solution that contains less than the maximum concentration of a solute possible at a given temperature.

Supersaturated solution

A solution containing more than the maximum quantity of solute predicted to be soluble in a given volume at a given temperature.

Molarity

The number of moles of solute per liter of solution.

Molality

The number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.

Mass percent

The mass of solute divided by the total mass of solution, expressed as a percentage.

Parts per million (ppm)

Grams of solute per million grams of solution.

Parts per billion (ppb)

Grams of solute per billion grams of solution.

Beer’s Law

A = ε·b·c, where A is absorbance, ε is molar absorptivity, b is path length, and c is concentration.

Dilution

The process of lowering the concentration of a solution by adding more solvent.

Electrolyte

A substance that dissolves in water to give an electrically conducting solution.

Strong electrolyte

A substance that completely dissociates in solution.

Weak electrolyte

A substance that partially dissociates in solution.

Nonelectrolyte

A substance that does not dissociate in solution.

Redox reactions

Reactions involving the transfer of electrons.

Oxidation number

The charge of an atom in a molecule or ion.

Net ionic equation

An equation that shows only the species that participate in a reaction.

Precipitate

A solid product formed from a reaction in solution.

Solubility rules

Guidelines to predict the solubility of ionic compounds.

Activity series

A list that ranks metals by their reactivity.

Titration

An analytical method to determine the concentration of a solute.

Equivalence point

The point in a titration where the amount of titrant is stoichiometrically equivalent to the amount of substance being analyzed.